Winter management of grapes

Grapes have the advantages of early fruits, quick returns, easy management, and strong ornamental qualities. They not only adapt to the cultivation of plants, but also are an excellent tree species for the development of courtyard economy. They have extensive cultivation in our county. Winter management of grapes is an important part of grape production. The following outlines the main technical measures for grape winter management as follows:

First, do a good job in clearing the garden and reduce the wintering base of pests and diseases.

After the vine leaves are deciduous, timely removal of debris, fruit bags, weeds and other debris in the field. Cut off dead branches of pests. The old skin of the trunk and the main side of the vine is peeled off, and all of them are transported out of the park and burned in a concentrated manner. This can eliminate a large number of harmful wintering germs and eggs, laying a good foundation for the prevention and control of diseases and pests in the coming year.

Second, strengthen winter field management to ensure safe winter vines.

1, clear channel management. In particular, garden plots with low topography, such as high humidity in winter and long-term stubborn rooting in the fields, can result in declining tree vigor, fruit production, and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the water system open during the winter.

2. Cultivate topsoil, increase soil permeability, and use machinery to plow between rows of vineyards. If no basal fertilizer is applied in autumn, organic fertilizer can be applied under the canopy to manually convert topsoil. Fortunately, early winter or late winter.

3, especially the facilities orchards should pay attention to fire prevention and wind protection.

Third, do a good job of grape pruning in winter is the key measure to ensure high yield and quality of grapes.

According to the grape's different cultivation conditions, the appropriate high-yield tree shape should be selected. The following is a summary of the two common tree types commonly used in China, namely, the main natural fan shape and the commonly used dragon dry shape of the scaffolding.

(1) Single-wall fences often use the main fan natural fan. For example, a row spacing of 24 meters can leave 4 main vines. Two of the weaker branches are tied to the third wire and the other two strong branches are tied to the second wire. The main vine leaves one side through each wire. In the vine, two fruiting branches are left on each side, leaving 2 to 3 fruiting branches for each resulting mother, leaving 1 to 2 fruiting spikes on each fruiting branch, resulting in a distance of 40-50 cm between the vines. The distance between the branches is about 20 cm, and the tree is generally completed in three years.

(2) Sheds and fences often use dragon dry shape. According to the cultivation density and different types of shelves, it can be divided into one dragon dry shape and multiple dragon dry shapes. The vines are planted in the first year, the main trunk is cultivated, and the main vines are distributed in the second and third years. Attention should be paid to the cultivation of scaffolds. It is necessary to choose a species that has a stronger growth potential.

(1) Appropriate time: the most appropriate in mid-December and the end of mid-February, premature pruning will cause tree nutrient loss, too late "injury flow" phenomenon, leading to fruit production and quality decline.

(2) Trimming method: a. The length of the twigs is divided into three kinds of long, medium and short shearing methods. That is, the length of the long shear is 8-12 knots, the length of the long clip is 5-7 knots, and the short lop The length of 3-4 knots is reserved. Generally, single-wall hedgerows are mainly short-cuts, leaving few long branches. Sheaves are mainly short-to-medium-branches. Some long branches may be left. b. The number of results of the branch cut, each side of the spread of 2-3 results mother vines, each result mother to leave 2 results branches, leaving 1-2 ears for each result. c. Updates. The main vine is updated, and the main vine from the wall fan shape is once in three years. The dragon dry type should pay attention to the selection and retention of the reserve branches, and the sick and weak vines must be updated in time. As a result, branches are updated, and single branch updates and double branch updates are commonly used. In other words, single branches are updated, leaving one result parent branch during winter shearing, and leaving two new shoots after sprouting, one result is allowed to grow flat, and the result is a one-year parental branch through repeated topping cultivation, and the results and updates are repeated. So that the result will be cut off when the next winter cut. The two branches are updated, each mother branch with a regenerating branch at the time of winter shearing, one parent branch of the culture result at the top, leaving a heavy shear near the bottom as the regenerating branch. After the new shoot shoots, the resulting parent branch leaves two result branches, Renewing the branch and leaving two new shoots is not a result. The next two winter cuts will cut off the two resulting branches, and the remaining two will have an updated result. D. To prevent the result branches out, up and lower bald. E. Pay attention to rejuvenation, strictly control production, and ensure maximum economic efficiency. The yield per mu cultivated in general facilities is controlled at 1250-1500 kg and 2,000 kg for open cultivation.

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