Winter pruning tips for grapes

The winter pruning of grapes is an important work for the winter management of grapes. Through pruning, the tree structure of grape plants can be adjusted to balance the growth of the branches and the growth of fruits, so that the distribution of the branches on the shelves is even and the conditions for good ventilation and light transmission are maintained. Recently, the reporter interviewed Fang Yulin, a professor at the Northwestern Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, and asked him to explain in detail for the fruit growers how to trim the grapes in winter.

Prune time

Fang Yulin introduced that the pruning of grape plants is generally started after two weeks of natural defoliation. In areas that do not need to be buried in cold areas, the pruning time can continue until the second year before the plants begin to grow; in areas where cold-proof soils are needed, pruning is usually done before the soil is buried.

Three basic pruning methods

Cut is also called short cut, which is to cut the branches from the internodes. It is mainly used in the pruning of new branches in the year and it is the most important technique for grape pruning in winter. During cutting, pay attention to the position of the cuts should be 3 to 4 cm above the branches of the branches, the direction of the cut should be slightly tilted to the opposite side of the buds, in order to ensure normal budding and growth of the cut buds. At the time of cutting, according to the amount of remaining buds, it can be divided into long tip pruning, mid tip pruning, and short tip pruning. The length of shoots for pruning on shoots was 7-12, which was mainly used on the extension branch of the main vines; the number of shoots on the middle tips was 4-6, which was mainly used in the trimming of the fruiting branches and in the trimmer fences. Both can be used with scaffoldings, but it is only applicable to branches with strong growth potential; shoots with short shoots are left with 1-3 buds. This kind of pruning method is mainly used on branches that are generally growing and they are short. Pruning can ensure that the new shoots will grow stronger in the next year.

Thinning is a common method used for renewal of branches. It is to cut the branches thoroughly from the base. The aim of sparse cutting is to remove thin and weak branches, dead branches, over dense branches and the main side vines that need to be updated. Care should be taken when cutting and cutting to avoid cutting too close to the mother branch, so as to prevent the wound from drying out and affect the nutrient transport of the mother branch.

Shrinking shears are mainly used for branch updates. The effect of shrinking and shearing is to remove old branches that have already been fruited in advance and leave behind new branches, so that the new branches are in a dominant position to prevent the shoots from growing too densely and the resulting sites expanding outwards.

Branches and Masters updated pruning

"For adult trees over several years, after several years of continuous results, the branches and main vines gradually became thicker, the shearing volume increased, and the water and nutrient transport capacity weakened. As a result, the capacity and output decreased, which must be gradually updated and updated. The purpose is to weaken and strengthen the strong.” Fang Yulin said that when the branch is updated, one of the strong branches near the lower part can be used to trim the middle tip, and the short tips of the branches near the base can be used for pruning to make the knot fruitful. Weak branches disappeared from the base. The main renewal is mainly aimed at the old vines that have been growing for more than 10 years, sawing them off from the base, and replacing them with newly-grown robust new vines.

Straw and Pergolas Grape Pruning

Fang Yulin said: “The current grape production in China mainly includes fences and scaffolds.” Grapes need to be buried in winter, and in order to facilitate the burial of soil, the multi-maintenance fan-shaped tree is usually used in the cultivation of the fence. Shaped, the scaffolding is cultivated using a dragon tree. Here is a detailed introduction to the two methods of tree pruning.

Fan-shaped tree pruning: There is no main trunk fan-shaped tree, that is, we often say that the fan-shaped tree, which is characterized by: from the ground directly to produce 3 to 5 main vines, no trunk, each main vine on the re- There are 3 to 4 branch groups on the branches and all branches are fan-shaped in the plane. The general principle of fan-shaped tree pruning is to maintain the tree-like structure of the plant and determine the number of resulting mother branches based on yield requirements, so that the plant always maintains a stable ability to produce results.

The specific method of fan-shaped tree-shaped winter shears: One year old saplings, select two robust branches with similar growth as the main vine culture, branches stay 0.6-0.8 meters long, cut at full buds, leaving the remaining branches 2~ Pruning of three shoot short shoots; two years old saplings, as the main vine cultivation branches from the previous year, a number of new shoots were drawn, and the top was thick as an extension branch, and the height was at the second wire, leaving 5~ Eight buds were cut, and the remaining shoots were left with 2-3 short shoots; for winter trees with more than three years in the winter, the distribution of shoots in the grape plants was first observed, and for the one-year strong branches that were drawn from the base, The first wire height is cut near the height to be used as the main vine cultivation; for the perennial main vine, the side vines are selected according to the size of the space, and the resulting twigs on the side vines are trimmed by medium and short shoots. Side vines sparse from the base. The extensions on the main vines are trimmed in the middle; the main vines that grow weaker are removed from the base.

Duron tree-shaped pruning: For one-year-old saplings, one robust new branch per plant is cut at winter cutting, and the main vine culture is cut at a position of about 1 meter, and the thickness of the excision should be 1.2 centimeters or more; for two years Tree-age young trees, the main cranberry on the new branches left a bud cut, the main vine to stay 1.5 to 2.0 meters long, shear thickness requirements to reach 1.2 cm or more; for three-year-old saplings, the main branch of new vines to stay Two to three buds were used for short shoot pruning, and as a result of the next year's mother shoots, the uppermost new shoots were selected for long shoot pruning as the main extension branch. In this way, the stereotyped work of the dragon tree is basically completed. For the winter cuts of adult trees, it is mainly necessary to maintain the saplings of dragons and trees, and to cultivate and renew the pruning work on the branches and branches of the main vines.

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