What happened when tomato seedlings burned like boiling water

"Hey, what's Miss Ho? Could you please come and help me to see that my tomato in the greenhouse doesn't know to be one of them? It's like a boiled water, and straw stalks are folded over. Some tomato fruits have also changed color. I do not know what happened?” At 9:00 on May 1st, He Shiwei, the deputy director of the Nanjiang County Bureau of Agriculture, who was resting in his home, received vegetable planting from Yushu Village, Dongbu Town. After a hurried phone call from the large family, Zeng Zhengping led the Agricultural Bureau's senior agronomist, Li Linxiu, and agronomist Li Mingxuan, experts from the station, to the old Zeng shed to conduct an on-site consultation in less than half an hour.

Identify the symptoms: late blight

"You see it! These haven't been saved. Some of the leaves are still paralyzed..." Several experts from the China Agricultural Network have just entered the greenhouse. Zeng Zhengping pointed to the sick tomato seedlings. “Oh, old Zeng, you got a late blight on this tomato,” said He Shiwei, who read a few tomatoes in the greenhouse. The symptoms of tomato late blight are mainly to harm the fruits and leaves, and the leaves are infected. Most of them start from the tip of the plant or the edge of the leaves. The beginning of the disease is an irregular dark green water-stained lesion, which turns brown, and the back edge of the lesion when it is wet. There is white mold at the junction with healthy organizations. Seedlings are infected, and the lesions spread from the leaves to the main stem, making the stems thin and appear dark brown, causing the whole plant to wilt or break. When the humidity is high, the surface of the diseased part is exposed to white mold. The stem was infected and the lesions became dark brown and spoiled, causing the plants to wilt. The fruit is affected mainly by green fruits. The lesions appear dark greenish in oily appearance at the beginning, and then turn dark brown to brownish, slightly sunken, and the edges are obvious. The fruit generally does not become soft, and the humidity is long and the amount of white mold is small.

Analysis of the reasons: fungal disease

“What is the cause of tomato late blight, which is caused by lice?” He Shiwei’s voice just fell, and Zeng Zhengping asked again. “Tomato late blight is a highly endemic fungal disease. Tomatoes can develop from emergence to the end of the disease. In severe cases, the whole plant dies and it is a devastating disease.” Li Linxiu, a senior agronomist and vegetable grower, took over. Say. The tomato late blight is related to the weather. In case of low temperature, high temperature, rain, dew, morning or night fog, etc., tomatoes are prone to late blight; the second is related to temperature and humidity. If the temperature in the greenhouse in the early spring and autumn is 20C-22C, the relative humidity of the air is above 95% for 8 hours, and the night temperature is 6C-13C, there will be water droplets on the leaves for about 12 hours, and pathogens will infect and cause diseases. The third is related to the planting density and the degree of ventilation in the greenhouse. If the nests are too densely planted, and if the greenhouses are not ventilated and have high humidity, heavier late blight is also likely to occur.

Control measures: prevention

Tomato late blight prevention.

Use resistant varieties. At present, seed varieties such as Zhongza 101 and Taoxing are more resistant to late blight.

Implement rotation. Generally, the dryland where tomatoes are planted should preferably be planted after 3 years. If the winter tomato fertilization technique uses fields to grow tomatoes, it should also be planted after a season of rice, and then the field should be planted with dry tomatoes. At the same time, tomatoes cannot be used together with potatoes and eggplants and are still interplanted.

After the occurrence, the following methods can be taken to prevent and control--

Strengthen cultivation management. Strictly prevent the cultivation of tomatoes in the greenhouse. Colonization should not be too dense, pruning should be timely, remove the old leaves of the plant, improve ventilation and light conditions. To cultivate soil earlier and pay attention to the elimination of water in low-lying land, it is necessary to do a good job of ventilating and ventilating the tomato fields from the seedling stage so as to avoid the conditions that make use of the disease. Tomatoes in greenhouses in early spring and late autumn should be protected from cold, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be appropriately increased. In the early stages of disease, we must remove the diseased leaves in time to completely remove the diseased plants.

Chemical control. 72% Kelu wettable powder, 69% dimethomorph-manganese zinc, 40% dimethomorph water dispersible granules, and 64% naphtha MnZn wettable powder can be used. 500 times for the prevention of treatment, treatment of 400 times the liquid or two drugs mixed, pay attention to the use of manganese and zinc can not be repeated applications, in order to avoid phytotoxicity. At the same time, different components of the drug should be applied alternately.

Late blight prevention can also be used with 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc + 40% dimethomorph, or 25% metalaxyl + 69% dimethomorph manganese zinc, or 50% methothene wettable powder 600 times, or 60% of ciprofloxacin (DTM) wettable powder 400 times liquid, 0.3 liters per plant with root irrigation, once every 10 days, a total of 3 times.

In order to avoid spraying the liquid to increase the humidity, 45% chlorothalonil or 20% dimethomorph smoke (safety) can be used, 200-500 g/mu, or 50% chlorothalonil dust. 1 kilogram of mu can effectively prevent tomato late blight.

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