Peach cultivation techniques

First, rapid production technology

(I) Soil management, planting period and density in dam area and mountain area

1. The dam area and the mountain area should be treated differently.

In the dam area, the "deep-ditch high-bay, wide-row and narrow-strain plant" method was used: 4 meters of open car, 2 meters deep ditch, 1.5 meters wide ditch, planting hole to improve the soil, hole width 2.4 feet, hole depth 2 .1 foot, subsoil topsoil open, top soil about 1 foot, subsoil with rubbish, clear grass mixed into the top soil in the reform soil row on top, about 1 foot higher than the ground before starting the tree, pouring a good set of water .

In the mountainous areas, the soil should be changed and the depth of the hole should be about 2 feet. The topsoil should be open. The bottom soil should be filled with 100 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer or grass to fill in the holes. It should be shaped like a hoe, then the fruit trees should be planted and the root water should be poured.

2. Planting period and density

The first year of November is planted before January 10 of the following year. Density: 80-100 strains in the dam area and 100-120 strains in the mountain area.

(II) Fertilizer and water management at seedling stage

1, "Light and heavy diligence, before promoting the control"

From March to June, 8-16 fertilizations were applied, and one shed of manure water plus four urea-fertilized 4 trees. In the end of June and July, one unloaded manure water plus 4 potassium dihydrogenphosphate applied three times to promote shoot maturation and flower buds. Differentiation, the next year can be put into production 5-10 kg / plant, seedling stage must pay attention to fertilizer and water management can be as soon as possible branches, hair leaves, forming, may be put into operation in the coming year.

2. The use of ammonium bicarbonate as a top-dressing fertilizer is contraindicated. Because ammonium bicarbonate is an alkaline fertilizer, it is easy to alkalinize the soil and cause peach roots to be unable to absorb trace elements in alkaline soil, causing iron deficiency and magnesium deficiency.

(III) Management of fertilizer after entering the result period

1. Germ Fertilizer: In mid-February, fertilizer is applied for 10% of the annual fertilization amount. It is irrigated with quick-acting fertilizer and clean water. If the flower buds are full, they can only be filled with water. When the flower buds are red, they should be diluted with 30 pounds of water. Stable flowers.

2. Strong Fruit Fertilizer: In the middle and late April and mid-May in the month of April, the fertilizer should account for 30% of the annual fertilization amount. It should be noted that potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and manure water should be applied.

3, fruit picking fertilizer: 6-8 months of application, accounting for 60% of the annual fertilization amount, with N, P, K three elements with the application, such as picking 100 kilograms of fruit / strain should be applied three pounds of compound fertilizer plus Sandan defecation Water promotes differentiation of flower buds and restoration of tree vigor. This is the most important fertilization for the whole year.

4, outside the root dressing

1 After flowering, each flower was sprayed with a high yield of stable and steady fruit.

2 before bagging with high US topdressing (600 times) after bagging chase once (spray), irrigation can be used 1000-2000 times, can improve the soil, increase the fruit.

3 can also be used Maubignon spray 300 times, from the same effect.

4 sprayed paclobutrazol or paclobutrazol, 6-8 months after fruit picking for Twang tree with 1 paclobutrazol plus 200 pounds of water spray, paclobutrazol applied according to the crown area of ​​10 grams / square meter, can inhibit shoot growth, and promote flower bud differentiation.

(IV) Rapid bud shaping technology

1, change the main shape shaping

1 Zhenggan: It is conducted three times in a row. The first time the seedling height is 30crn or so, a pillar is set up opposite to the bud, and the pillar should be more than 1 meter. The seedling should be tied to the pillar with a figure of eight to promote seedling erect growth. The seedling height is 70. -80cm and then tied once, seedlings erect growth, nutrient delivery, anti-miao tilted to one side, and protect the seedlings are not blown by the wind.

2Determination: seedling height 1.4m topping, after forming in July 66cm at the seedling height with a circle of plastic wire for twisting, play a role in ring cutting, to be reached until the upper branch of the twisted shoot bud differentiation after the removal of plastic wire. (just cracked into the xylem)

3 Cultivation and pruning of stems: after picking the stems, all kinds of shoots are called stems. Dry shoots below the lOcrn from the ground are discarded when the shoot reaches 70-80 cra. All other dry branches retain their results. The lowest angle between stems and main stems can reach 90, and the upward angle can be reduced. If this angle cannot be reached, rope pull can be used. In short, the trunk thickness of the culture should be higher than that of dry branches.

Dry branch cultivation and pruning: Dry branches are first grown long, and when Tewang reaches 50cm, the heart is picked once and the secondary branches are promoted. After the second year of production, the harvest can be retracted according to the growth and the result, and the fruitlessness can be lost. Or retract.

4 Main branch culture and pruning: After 7 months, the main branch was slanted into a second main branch with a plastic wire, and then a dry branch was selected as the first main branch on the other side. The upper branch was kept as much as possible. Afterwards, the Winter retracts according to the length of the dryness. The combination of long deployment and back-to-back makes the crown compact, three-dimensional and improves the yield per plant.

The characteristics of this tree are constantly changing. The first is the cone of the garden, and the latter is the column of the garden. The thickness of the leaf curtain is extremely large, and after one year it becomes the natural happy shape of the two main branches. This form has the following advantages compared to conventional sparse conventional management:

1. The dense planting will be densely planted. Planting the last 3-5 acres of planted land in one acre can free up more land to grow grain or other economic crops to reduce the contradiction between grain and fruit and overcome the wide variety of crops.

2. Planting one-year-old seedlings (2 years seedling period) with buds (1 year seedling period), shortening the seedling period by one year, shortening the forming period by two years (three years for original thinning planting), and three years ahead of sparse planting ,time is money.

3. Guide the farmers to make a good demonstration before the fruit trees are not put into production; in the short term, they can achieve higher economic benefits, because the majority of fruit growers do not attach importance to management before the fruit trees are not put into production, resulting in small old trees, age-defying trees, and low yields. There are many parks.

4, compact crown, three-dimensional results demonstration.

5. Significantly improving the land utilization rate has provided a model for the development of high-efficiency industries and will help adjust the structure of the agricultural industry.

(five) one-year peach seedlings shaping, pruning technology

1, plastic technology

Peach trees have the characteristics of weak dryness, high germination rate, and strong branching ability. As a result, the crowns are formed quickly and the results are early, but the aging is also fast. Therefore, shaping should be carried out as soon as possible to shorten the period of vegetative growth. One year old seedlings were planted 60 cm after the planting, and 40--60 cm after germination the second year selected three azimuths with good axillary shoots as the main shoots. Then the main shoots were cultured with 2 to 3 lateral branches and the remaining space was cultured as a result of the shoots.

2. Trimming technology: Summer trim and winter trim

Summer pruning time: April-June.

Winter pruning time from late November to December.

It should be implemented on trim. Mainly summer pruning, supplemented by winter pruning practices.

a. Summer pruning: pruning during the growing season has the following processes:

Trimming buds, in addition to sprouting: erase the buds in the canopy of the leggy buds, cut the competition under the mouth buds, twin buds, shoots grow to 5 cm when the young shoots are cut off in addition to sprouting, the general two branches "to stay one." By smearing buds and removing sprouts, useless shoots can be reduced, light conditions can be improved, nutrients can be saved, and the new shoots left behind can grow robustly and reduce the damage caused by the winter shears due to thinning. This is especially helpful for young trees and Wangshu. Important, but this work is often easily overlooked by fruit growers.

Topping: Topping is the removal of a small shoot from the top of the growing shoot along with the tender bud. It can stop the growth of shoots, turn nutrients to full shoots, and promote flower bud differentiation. Peach tree topping is an indispensable technical measure during the growth period. Most branches need to be picked up and the length of 50Cm is appropriate.

Twisting tip: Turn upright leggy branches and other long branches to twist 180 degrees, twist upwards to grow downwards, but do not twist. The main purpose is to weaken growth potential to promote leggy branches to result branches, and also to obtain Improve lighting effects. This work is a remedial measure that has not been thoroughly tackled and is particularly applicable to Wangshu.

Pulling branches: Pulling branches is a key measure to ease the tree's vigor, advance the results, and prevent the baldness of the lower part of the trunk. Pull branches are generally conducted in May.

b. Winter pruning:

Sapling pruning. Mainly to long-range, full use of summer cutting techniques, forming as soon as possible, for the results of the long branches are generally not short-cut to stay more fruit branches, to ease the tree potential, increase the rate of fruit set, the extension of the backbone branches to stay 50--70cm shorter Cut, change the dry stems of the trunk shape to the results shortly after the dry part or slender.

Fruit pruning: At this time, the main branch gradually opens, the tree vigor gradually eases, and the crown is relatively stable; the growth of branches is reduced, the length of branches is reduced, the result is increased branches, the proportion of short fruit branches is increased, and the contradiction between growth and results is sharpened. The lower branches easily die. At this time, the amount of pruning is heavier than that of young trees, and the backbone branches must be retracted and renewed. If the internal hemorrhoids are empty, attention should be paid to cultivating the regenerating shoots from the third lateral branch to fill up the space and increase the result area. When peach trees enter the full fruit period, they should pay attention to cultivating and regenerating shoots from the base.

For Twang's tree, attention should be paid to making it more fruitful, such as sticking its back branches, letting the hanging branches allow them to bear fruit, so as to ease the tree potential and increase the yield per plant; experienced fruit growers often say “to cut tree trees Do not be afraid, with fruit trees and obedient words."

The growth of the golden tree is a weak and weak branch. The long and middle fruit branches are short to the front. The undeveloped part is short. The short fruit branch and the short fruit branch are thinly cut. The Wang branch is long and long, and the strong fruit of l foot is not required. Chopped.

Aging pruning: At this time, the tree is almost all short-fruiting branches. At this time, the trunk should be retracted and re-sheared to the 2- to 3-year-old position. Attention should be paid to cultivating long branches from large wounds to re-form the crown. Reach the purpose of updating the crown.

Second, fruit thinning bagging

(I) The significance of fruit thinning

Peach is a fruit tree with many flowers and many fruits. If a certain number of flowers are used, it will result in a fruitful knot, which will inevitably cause a decline in the tree vigor. The fruit quality will be poor. Each peach grows and needs 15-20 leaves to provide nutrients. In order to ensure the high yield of peach trees, stable production and good quality, it must be reasonable. The fruit thinning, leaving fruit.

(II) Objects and time of fruit thinning

Fruit thinning objects: sparsely infesting fruit, diseased fruit, deformed fruit, and double fruit to stay one-to-skin, and when the fruit is thinned, it will not be able to keep up with the general size.

Fruit thinning time: The fruit thinning time in Chengdu is in late April.

(3) Stay Fruit Technology

The fertilizer and water conditions are good, the trees are strong, and the branches are thick and numerous, whereas the fruit is less.

Long fruiting branches: (longer than 1 foot) leaves 3-4 fruit, and Twang's branch 1.5 foot fruit sticks leave 5-6 fruit, and the distance between staggered fruit must be at least 3 inches, otherwise the fruit enlargement will be affected.

Middle fruit branch: (length is 3 inches to 8 inches) Leave 2 fruits, staggered to stay.

Short fruit branches: (length less than 3 inches) Leave 1 fruit.

If it is a small fruit type can be more appropriate fruit, long fruit branch left fruit in the middle side, in the same size of the fruit should be based on the position of the fruit to decide to choose, go up, down the fruit, short fruit sticks left the top fruit. The fruit on the second branch of bud seedlings is not limited by the above quantity, and can be left more, 5--6, one, 7-8 are all OK. The fruit distance should have lOcm.

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