As an important part of the pig industry, feed nutrition plays an important role in improving the health of breeding pigs and improving immunity. Dietary energy, protein, mineral elements, vitamins, trace elements, and other nutrient levels will affect the reproductive performance of pigs, and even cause reproductive obstacles. The following can directly explain the nutritional causes of reproductive disorders. 1, energy Energy is the first nutritional requirement of the body and its effect on reproduction can occur at any stage. During the growth phase, low energy levels will delay sexual maturation; high levels of feeding within 24 to 48 hours after sow breeding can reduce the survival rate of embryos, and low energy rearing of sows during late pregnancy will reduce the birth weight of piglets, and Postpartum estrus is delayed; the feeding strategy for sows during lactation is to maximize feed intake, and the decrease in feed intake during lactation has a significant effect on the performance of the sow: if the estrus interval is extended, the conception rate is reduced, the next The number of fetal litters is reduced, and the birth rate is reduced. The stage of the impact and the extent of the damage depend on the lack of energy. 2, proteins and amino acids Protein is an essential nutrient for breeding pigs. Insufficient protein, impaired growth and development of young porcine reproductive organs, delayed juvenile ovaries and uterus of young sows, puberty and sexual maturity. Adult boars have reduced semen quality, poor sperm viability, reduced density, and reduced ability to breed. Inadequate intake of protein and amino acids in sows during pregnancy leads to insufficient reserve of body proteins during delivery, resulting in severe loss of body proteins during lactation, resulting in reproductive disorders such as delayed estrus and decreased mating pregnancy rates after weaning. Determining the protein and amino acid requirement of lactating sows should take into account factors such as sow lactation, dietary energy levels, and body protein deposition. In sows fed a low-protein diet, their body protein loss during lactation increased, and the interval from weaning to estrus increased (16 days and 7.5 days). 3, mineral elements Calcium and phosphorus are necessary for fetal development in the uterus and the sow's sturdy bones, and lower calcium intake in late pregnancy is one of the factors that contribute to the reduction in lactation during the next lactation period. Low calcium or phosphorus content or imbalance in the ratio can cause suckling sows to absorb calcium and phosphorus deficiency and hind limb paralysis and even affect reproductive function. The lack or insufficiency of calcium and phosphorus in boar diets can result in a significant decrease in semen quality, with dead, underdeveloped, or weakly viable spermatozoa. Therefore, adequate balanced but not excessive amounts of calcium and phosphorus should be given in the breeding pig diet. 4, vitamins Vitamins are a class of trace low-molecular organic compounds that are essential for the maintenance of normal physiological functions in animals. Animal organisms generally cannot synthesize vitamins or lack of synthesis (except for vitamin C and niacin) and must be provided by diets. Almost all of the vitamins have a greater impact on the reproductive performance of breeding pigs. Vitamin A: deficiency can cause mucosal atrophy and degeneration, leading to atrophy of glands in pigs, structural damage, endocrine function disorder, lack of hormone secretion, reduced secretion of sex hormones or complete cessation. The epithelium of the reproductive system is most severely affected, with disturbances in the sexual cycle, no rhythm, and disorder. Postpartum estrus delay and loss of libido or sympathy. When vitamin A is deficient, the activity of 3β-hydroxydehydrogenase (3β-hydroxydehydrogenase), which is the enzyme that converts 3β-hydroxysteroids into 3-ketosteroids, is reduced, adrenal and gonadal functions are weakened, and placental steroid synthesis is reduced, resulting in miscarriage and stillbirth in pregnant sows. Produce weak piglets, or deformed piglets. Boars exhibit reduced testis, degenerative function, reduced semen quality, and reproductive problems. The vitamin B family is mainly used as a component of coenzymes to catalyze various reactions in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, thereby affecting the reproductive function of animals. Insufficient vitamin B2 can cause metabolic disorders in the body, causing sows to lose or indeterminate appetite during the reproductive or lactation period, resulting in weight loss, premature birth, stillbirth, and neonatal piglet mortality. In the absence of vitamin B3 (pantothenic acid), reproductive and lactating functions can be lost. In the absence of vitamin B12, growth pigs have reduced appetite, hematopoietic function is blocked and growth is slow. The sow fertility rate, reproduction rate, and postpartum lactation decreased. The main physiological function of vitamin D is to regulate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Insufficient vitamin D can cause metabolic disorders, accumulation of incomplete intermediate metabolites in blood and tissues, and acidosis. The total calcium and calcium ions and inorganic phosphorus content decreased, alkaline phosphatase activity increased, and bone chemical composition and physical properties changed. Blood production disorders, resulting in reduced reproductive capacity, ovarian atrophy, uterine retardation, the emergence of arrhythmic cycle (anovulatory cycle), multiple ineffective empty allocation. Fertility rates decline, even if fertilized, zygotes can die early in development. Insufficient vitamin D during pregnancy can prolong pregnancy. Ozanimod Intermediate Cas 258273-31-3,Ozanimod Intermediate,Cas 258273-31-3 Ozanimod Intermediate,3-Cyano-4-Isopropoxybenzoic Acid Shijiazhuang Dingmin pharmaceutical Sciences Co.,Ltd , https://www.dingminpharma.com
Is it not a good thing for piglets to teach long fleshy diets?