Brief introduction of different types of microscopes

Brief introduction of different types of microscopes

Microscope introduction
In the morphological examination of bacteria, optical microscopy is commonly used. The general morphology and structure of bacteria can be observed by magnifying the microscope to about 1000 times. As for the ultrastructure inside the bacteria, it needs to be magnified tens of thousands of times by electron microscope. clear. There are several microscopes commonly used to check bacteria:
1. Ordinary optical microscope: Ordinary optical microscope usually uses natural light or light as the light source, and its wavelength is about 0.5μm. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum resolution of the microscope is half of the wavelength, that is, 0.25μm, which can be seen by the naked eye. The minimum image is 0.2mm, so it can be magnified 1000 times by oil mirror under ordinary light microscope. The particle of 0.25μm can be enlarged to 0.25mm, which can be seen by the naked eye. Generally, the bacteria are larger than 0.25μm, so it can be clearly seen by ordinary optical microscope. see.
2. Dark field microscope: The dark field microscope replaces the bright field concentrator on the ordinary optical microscope with a special dark field concentrator. Since the center of the dark field concentrator is an opaque visor, the light cannot be directly shot. Into the lens barrel, the background field of view is dark and dull, and the light obliquely from the peripheral edge of the concentrator to the specimen part is scattered by the cells and enters the objective lens. Therefore, under the illumination of strong light, you can see the bright cells in the dark background, just like the bright stars in the night sky. The contrast between light and dark improves the observation effect, and is often used to check the morphology and motion observation of live bacteria and spirochetes that are not stained.
3. Phase contrast microscope: When the unstained specimens were examined, the contrast between light and dark was not obvious because the optical rotation of the bacteria was similar to that of the surrounding environment. It is not easy to see under ordinary light microscope, and the dark-field microscope can only see the outline of the bright cells, and the internal structure cannot be seen. The phase contrast microscope is based on the principle that the light wave passes through the different density points in the specimen, causing the difference of the optical phase. The grating phase of the phase difference plate is used to change the optical phase and amplitude of the direct light, and the difference of the optical phase is converted into the difference of the intensity of the light. To make a part of the structure of the bacteria darker than other parts, bringing out a sharp contrast. This method is mainly used to check the morphology and some internal structures of live bacteria that are not stained.
4. Fluorescence microscope: Fluorescence microscope uses ultraviolet light or blue-violet light as a light source to excite fluorescent substances to emit visible light. After the bacteria are stained with fluorescent dyes and placed under a fluorescence microscope, the fluorescence is excited, so that the fluorescent bacteria can be seen in a dark background. Since the wavelengths of ultraviolet light and blue-violet light are shorter (0.3 to 0.4 μm), the resolution is further improved. Fluorescence microscopy is also widely used in immunofluorescence technology.
5. Electron microscope: The electron microscope replaces the light source with electron flow. Its wavelength is extremely short (about 0.005nm), and the resolution is greatly improved. The electromagnetic circle replaces the optical amplification system of ordinary microscope, and the magnification can reach tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of times. It can distinguish lnm objects, and the surface morphology and internal ultrastructure of bacteria can be clearly seen. Electron microscopy has transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The former is suitable for observing the ultrastructure inside the bacteria, and the latter is suitable for observing the surface structure and accessories of the bacteria. Observed by an electron microscope, the specimens were specially prepared and examined under dry vacuum, and no living microorganisms could be observed.

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Reolink WiFi cameras can be added to Reolink PoE NVRs if they are in the same LAN. Here we'll guide you to finish this process following the steps below.Reolink WiFi cameras can be added to Reolink PoE NVRs if they are in the same LAN. Here we'll guide you to finish this process following the steps below.Reolink WiFi cameras can be added to Reolink PoE NVRs if they are in the same LAN. Here we'll guide you to finish this process following the steps below.Reolink WiFi cameras can be added to Reolink PoE NVRs if they are in the same LAN. Here we'll guide you to finish this process following the steps below.


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