The paddy field cultivation method in rice production in China has been using conventional ploughing or rotary cultivators for paddy field ploughing. Afterwards, the field cultivation system such as irrigation water field, irrigated fields, grass leveling and sedimentation has high costs and water consumption. And there are serious wastes, long ploughing period, low amount of straw returned, and disordered plough structure. At the same time, the soil is easy to sink, the plough layer is saturated with water, and the air is removed, showing a reduced state. When the water is filled with air in the fall, the water is oxidized. This repeated cycle forms a special physical, chemical, and biological process that makes paddy fields different from general dryland soils in terms of the transformation and movement of materials, the maintenance and release of nutrients. In view of the above-mentioned characteristics of paddy soil and the drawbacks of traditional farming methods, we conducted experiments and promotion of the “Protection of water conservation and less cultivation techniques for paddy fields†project. The 1GZSF-180/6 paddy field less tillage fertilizer machine developed by the City Agricultural Mechanization Institute. 1. Main Contents of the Project The technology adopts the AGZSF-180//6 paddy fertility fertilizer machine developed by the Harbin Institute of Agricultural Mechanization. The machine is a new machine consisting of gearbox assembly, frame assembly, rotary knife shaft (left and right) assembly, fertilization assembly, repressor assembly, ground wheel assembly and other working parts. It is a special normal and wide-narrow row paddy field rotary cultivator, and at the same time, it is equipped with fertilizer application devices. The original rice borer remained intact, and a strip-shaped rotary tillage and fertilization operation with a cross-sectional "T" shape was conducted between the two rows of rice paddies and the soil was compressed and reshaped. The machine supporting power 47.8 ~ 59.9kW, working efficiency 0.27-0.62hm2/h, working width 180cm, strip operation 6 lines, each row width 15cm, tillage depth 16-18cm, row spacing 30cm, with the common transplanter matching. The width of the wide-narrow belt rotary cultivator has a working width of 120 cm, and four strips of the cultivator, each line cultivating width 30cm, cultivating depth 16-18cm, row spacing 20X40cm, and supporting a wide and narrow row transplanter. The paddy fields can be put into the water after the above-mentioned drought and soil preparation. Generally, after 6 hours of paddy field, no other site preparation operations are required to carry out rice transplanting with a normal rice transplanter or a wide-narrow rice transplanter. In the second year, round ploughing was carried out on the uncultivated areas, and after a series of rounds of ploughing, a full-scale tillage was performed. 2. Technical innovation of the project The technical innovation of the project manifests itself in the innovation of the farming system: less ploughing in the first year, less ploughing in the undrained areas in the second year, and comprehensive ploughing after several rounds of cultivating Farming system. Ploughing Structure Innovation: This machine broke the traditional mode of rice production and was another innovative technology in the rice production process. It adopts a "T"-shaped cultivating structure, and the width of the cultivator is narrow and wide at the top. Ploughing area innovation: Only 30% of the soil has been rotated, 70% of the soil remains as it is, and all the rice stubble is left in the ground. The operation link innovation: 6 hours after cultivating, the field can be transplanted, reducing the mechanical operation of Putian, hand-fertilizer, Fuping, fishing debris and sedimentation. Machine structure innovation: 1GZSF-180/6 paddy fertility fertilizer machine broke the traditional mode of rice production. It adopts different ordering of rotary cultivating teeth, and is divided into long knife and short knife, and arranged according to the width of plough layer and the depth of plough layer in each row. 3. Project Cost Savings and Efficiency Improvement The project was implemented for 2 years and a total of 105.3hm2 was completed. In comparison field, traditional farming methods such as rotary tillage, field soaking, manual raising of fertilizers, mechanical planting fields, seedlings, fishing residues, sedimentation and transplanting were adopted; in experimental fields, strip tillage was applied simultaneously and fertilization was applied and water was sprayed for 6 hours. Carry out protective tillage methods. Less protective tillage shortens the working cycle by 8-12 days; saves oil by lO.35kg/hm2; full growth period Water 2265m3/hm2. After the machine was plugged, it was tested continuously for 15 days. The results showed that the protective tillage method increased the ground temperature by 0.7 degrees Celsius to 1.56 degrees Celsius per day more than the conventional tillage method. The number of hair roots was 18 more than that of the traditional farming methods, and the root length was 13 cm longer than the conventional cultivation method. It can be seen that conservation of water and less tillage has a good effect on the development of rice roots and enhancing soil permeability. The water-saving and less-tillage method had a yield of 45kg/hm2 compared with conventional tillage, which increased the yield by 673.5kg/hm2, and saved fuel, fertilizer, and man-hour totaling 550.95 yuan/hm2. In the autumn of 2003-2004, on-site field tests were conducted on the protective cultivation plots and the comparison plots. The test results showed that the average yield of the experimental plot in Deshan Lotus Village was 7357.5 kg/hm2, that of the comparison plot was 6789 kg/hm2, that of the experimental plot was 8.4%, and the benefit (rice price 1.70 yuan/kg) was 966.45 yuan/hm2; The average yield of the trial farm in the town of Huifa Village is 7656kg/hm2, that of the comparison field is 6877.5kg/hm2, the increase rate is 11.3%, and the increase benefit is 1323.45 yuan/hm2. The total cost of conservation tillage and yield increase was (550.95 yuan + 966.45 yuan, the lowest value of the increase in production efficiency) 1517.4 yuan/hm2. The implementation of this project technology can save a lot of water resources, greatly reduce the production cost, break the traditional farming methods, realize conservation tillage, protect the ecological environment, increase the content of soil organic matter, and greatly reduce the amount of fertilizer. The amount of application provides guarantee for the safety of food production in China, and will have great social benefits. Disclaimer: Some articles in this website have been transferred from the Internet. If you are involved in third party legal rights, please inform this website. phone Food Grade Gelatin,Food Additives Gelatin,Bovine Gelatin Powder,Edible Gelatin Powder Hebei Haodong Biological Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.hdgelatin.com
Rice water-saving and less-tillage cultivation techniques