Rapid detection of type I diabetes nanochips

Release date: 2014-07-16

Recently, Stanford University School of Medicine has developed an inexpensive portable microchip that can quickly detect high-risk populations before symptoms develop in people with type 1 diabetes. Researchers believe that this chip not only can effectively pre-diagnose diabetics, but also help to improve the level of diabetes care around the world, help people better study the history of the disease, and develop new therapies. Related papers were published online on the July 13th issue of the Nature Med website.

According to a report by the physicist organization network on July 13, the current diabetes is mainly divided into two types - type I and type II. Both have high blood sugar characteristics, but the cause and treatment are different. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the patient's immune system attacks his or her healthy tissue and stops the body from making insulin. The disease begins when the patient's own antibodies attack the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. Since antibodies are only present in patients with type 1 diabetes, and not in type II, the new method is to distinguish them by this.

The microchips developed by the researchers use nanotechnology to detect type 1 diabetes, which can quickly distinguish between type I and type II. The original method used radioactive materials to detect autoantibodies, which took several days and cost a few hundred dollars each time. In contrast, microchips do not use radioactive materials and can produce results in a matter of minutes. Each chip is expected to cost about $20 and can be tested more than 15 times. Moreover, the microchip uses less blood, no blood is needed, and only the fingertips can be used for blood collection.

They used the chip to test some volunteers to diagnose who had diabetes and who did not. In addition, this method is also beneficial for people at high risk for type 1 diabetes, such as relatives of patients, because doctors can track their self-antibody levels before they show symptoms.

“Self-antibodies are a 'crystal ball'.” Senior author of the paper, Brian Feldman, associate professor of pediatric endocrinology at Lucifer Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, said, “Even if you don’t have diabetes now, if you have blood There are self-antibodies associated with diabetes, and the risk of illness is high. With a variety of self-antibodies, the risk is over 90%."

It seems that only children with type 1 diabetes ten years ago, it seems that only type 2 diabetes is obese middle-aged. Because of the obvious differences, laboratory testing is often omitted because old methods are expensive and difficult. But now, about a quarter of diabetic children are type II, and more and more adult diabetes is type I, the reason is not clear. People need better detection techniques because the condition has changed.

There is growing evidence that early aggressive treatment of patients with type I diabetes may curb autoimmune attacks on the pancreas and allow them to retain certain insulin manufacturing capabilities. Feldman said: "Before the onset of high-risk patients, this method is very likely to find them, let them start early treatment, prevent diabetes or complications in advance."

Currently, Stanford University has filed a patent application for the chip, and researchers are preparing to set up a company that will be brought to market after approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Source: Technology Daily

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