Analysis on Quality and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Emerald Pear in Southern Region

Emerald pear is a new hybrid early-ripening pear that has been hand-selected and hybridized by Zao Pear and New Century Pear. After 7 years, it has become a high-yield, prolific, high-quality artificial hybrid early-maturing pear variety. It has strong environmental adaptability, strong resistance and high commercial value. It is a new type of pear with good prospects in China's early pear industry. The specific techniques for high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of emerald pears are as follows.

1 Variety characteristics

Emerald pear has a sweet taste and a fragrant smell. It is a high-quality fruit with strong environmental adaptability, high temperature resistance and easy storage. It can be stored for about 30 days at room temperature and can be stored for two to three months at low temperature. This series of features makes this The economic benefits of the varieties show a high trend.

Generally suitable for growth in humid areas in the south, such as Sichuan, Chongqing and other places, subtropical monsoon climate, humid summer air, abundant sunshine, fertile soil, and more mountainous areas, perfect irrigation and drainage system, providing sufficient sunlight and moisture for the growth of emeralds. , high quality soil.

2 Analysis of high quality, high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques

2.1 colonization

Before the final value is set, the fixed value pit with a length of 1.2m, a width of 1.2m and a depth of about 0.8m should be dug. In this process, the above soil and subsoil should be piled separately. In order to ensure the firmness of the planting roots, 60 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.6 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be applied in each pit from the beginning, when the soil is backfilled, the soil The order of placement is reversed, the soil above is below, and the bottom soil is placed at the top to provide the necessary growth space for the tree species. The soil after backfilling is about 15 cm above the ground. It can be fixed by December. In order to complete the next work smoothly.

2.2 Fertilizer management

In order to improve the production capacity of the resettlement park, expand the scale, improve the cultivation efficiency, and restore the tree in time to achieve the goal of high yield, starting from the management of fertilizer and water, a series of measures are taken as follows:

Try to apply urea as the main fertilizer in the middle of May of the first year, the amount is 100g, and apply 100g of compound fertilizer in mid-June and early August. In addition, a mixed spray of 0.25% urea and 0.3% to 0.45% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the back of the tree leaves from the end of May to the middle of the month. Add a certain amount of nutrients to the rest of the tree that cannot receive solar radiation for years, so that it grows evenly. After the second year, in the autumn, the digging and fertilization should be carried out according to the growth trend and production volume of the tree. The excavated fertilization ditch is an annular groove with an overall depth of 40 cm and a width of 60 cm. Because of fertilization in autumn, the roots are conducive to rapid healing, and the absorption rate of nutrients is also high, so fertilization in autumn accounts for a large proportion of fertilization in the whole year, accounting for 65%. Most of the fertilized materials are organic fertilizers, and mixed with compound fertilizers for fruit trees. After fertilization, timely irrigation measures should be taken.

2.3 plastic trim

The shape of the emerald pear tree is mainly in the shape of a free spindle. The overall height of the formed tree is about 2.4m~2.9m, wherein the trunk is about 55-70cm high, the number of main branches is about 12-15, and it grows spirally upward at a distance of about 20cm. The diameter of the branch on the main branch Do not exceed half of the diameter of the main branch, and select a central branch. The volume of the main branches from top to bottom according to the crown is gradually reduced, the length is gradually shortened, and the angle between the branches is larger. When pruning again in winter, it is necessary to remove the competing branches of the main branches, the dense branches and steep branches that cover the sunlight, and at the same time use the buds to grow the middle and short branches on the main branches. In the second year, when the trunk is sprouted, 3 to 5 main branches are selected to have an angle of about 75°, and the remaining steep branches and dense branches are removed. On this basis, straighten the main branches and the branches on the back. Winter pruning is the same as above. The third year is based on the practice of the second year, depending on the actual growth. After the fourth year, according to different growing seasons, the dense branches and competing branches were removed, so that the long fruit branches smoothly retracted to the branches with strong growth.

2.4 thinning flowers and thin fruit

Spraying a mixture of 0.3% urea and 0.2% borax during the flowering period can greatly enhance the fruit setting rate of the emerald pear. However, the cultivation of flowers and fruits in the high-yield emerald pear cultivation technology focuses on the fruit-shaving work after fruit setting. Because the flowers on the edge of the pear tree are opened first, and the back of the center is opened, the fruit on the edge must be retained, and each The distance between the fruits is about 30cm, and the ratio of the amount of leaves to the amount of fruit is 40:1, and all the flower buds are removed to prevent the flowers from robbing the nutrients of the fruit. In the process of thinning flowers and thinning the fruit, strictly follow the principles of more trees, less trees and less.

2.5 pest control

To achieve the prevention and control of pests and diseases, the orchard must first do a good job in agricultural control measures, such as winter and spring clearing, pruning diseased branches, turning basins, artificially painted white trunks, and bark conservation measures to prevent pests and residues before wintering. In the growing season, it is necessary to regularly prun the diseased branches, diseased fruits, etc. to fundamentally isolate the source of the disease. At the beginning of March, the insecticidal board was suspended above the orchard at a density of 7-8 boards per 650 square meters to achieve the effect of not affecting the growth of the pear tree and expelling the adult beetle. Insecticide tools, such as insecticidal lamps, take appropriate measures depending on the situation, and can also eliminate pests such as carnivores. According to the artificial tools, if the insects have been immunized, they can't be all-rounded. Therefore, it is also possible to achieve the purpose of pest control by biological control such as pest control, such as artificial breeding of grasshoppers and ladybugs. In addition, chemical control is also particularly important, and the use of chemical measures will also capture the critical period. For example, in the germination period of flower buds, it is necessary to spray 5 waves of sulphur sulphur mixture at the right time. The spraying of the drug should be uniform and meticulous, and the utilization rate of the drug should be improved.

The above is the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology of Emerald Pear in the South. Welcome to Huinong.com to learn about its related planting techniques!

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