The Reasons and Solutions to Prevent Sows from Lowering the Pregnancy Rate in Summer

First, nutritional reasons

1. Summer temperatures are high. Sow heat is difficult. Feed intake is reduced. Intake of nutrients required for sow breeding is insufficient. Irregular estrus and ovulation occur, affecting mating and conception, and stillbirth and low birth.

2. The stability of vitamins in feed during the high temperature season is poor, especially the fat-soluble vitamins A and E are more rapidly deactivated when the ambient temperature exceeds 30°C. These vitamins are the most basic and effective vitamins for maintaining normal breeding activities. Vitamins in feed are lost due to failure. Lack or deficiency is one of the basic causes of low conception rates and abnormal embryonic development.

3, lack of green or green feed, not only can not add vitamin deficiencies, but also cause constipation of male and female sows, affecting the amount of feed and normal reproductive activities.

Second, the ambient temperature is high

The vigor of the boar semen is greatly affected by the ambient temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the lower the semen activity. The temperature in summer pighouses is mostly between 38°C and 40°C, and even higher. Boar libido decreased, semen was thin, dead spermatozoa increased, and vitality decreased significantly, which is the most direct reason for the low fertility rate of sows in summer.

Third, the harm of mycotoxins

Summer is the season when mold and mycotoxins are active. Many kinds of mycotoxins can cause reproductive problems in sows, resulting in non-estrus, reduced conception rate, litter size, and reduced lactation performance. In summer and autumn, male and female sows Must be added mycotoxin treatment agents, such as Teng Jun "mild Xiaoan", etc., to reduce the effect of mycotoxins on sow production performance.

Fourth, lack of exercise

Most of the large-scale pig farms at this stage have insufficient exercise capacity, especially in pig farms that use limit bars (positioning bars). There are fewer movements, and sows have weakness in the hind legs that affect the breeding; the boars have too little exercise and the semen activity is reduced. Directly affect the conception rate. This is also the reason for the high fertility rate of male and female sows reared in rural areas regardless of the season.

Fifth, the cause of the disease

1. Atypical swine fever: The immune system of pigs is reduced. Sows infected with swine fever virus often cause reproductive problems. 10 days of infection, embryonic death and absorption, sows have fewer calving heads or return. 10-50 days of pregnancy infection, stillbirth. A week before the infection does not affect piglet survival, but it affects development. The gilts were immunized with the swine fever vaccine two weeks or one month prior to the start of the breeding period. Two doses of the gilts could prevent the occurrence of atypical swine fever.

2. Parvovirus: The main characteristics depend on the stage at which the virus is infected. After the infection, the sow may re-epit, or neither estrus nor give birth, or only a few litters, or the production of wood is born. The only symptom is that the fetal fluid was lost during the second or third trimester and the sow's abdominal circumference was reduced. Other manifestations are infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, death of newborn piglets, and fertility. Immunization method: gilts and primiparous sows can adopt the method of natural infection with PPV or immunization with PPV vaccine to obtain active immunity. Inactivated vaccines are immunized 1 to 2 months before mating. Antibodies can be maintained for 4 months after vaccination; they can also be vaccinated with attenuated vaccines.

3. Pseudorabies: Sows often have latent infections and rarely have neurological symptoms. Piglets often present with neurological symptoms. Immunization method: Sows were vaccinated with attenuated inactivated seedlings before mating, and then immunized once a month before birth to allow more piglets to obtain maternal antibodies.

4. Japanese encephalitis: The disease is mainly spread by mosquitoes and flies, and occurs frequently in summer. The main performance of boars is carunculitis, sexual dysfunction, and decreased semen quality. It is forbidden to use sick boars for breeding; sows exhibit difficult breeding, miscarriage, and stillbirth. With the exception of young sows, other pigs had sub-clinical symptoms after infection, and the sows had high blood antibodies and were asymptomatic. The incidence of stillbirths and mukinois of young sows is as high as 40%, and the mortality rate of neonatal piglets is 42%. Therefore, according to the occurrence and prevalence of this disease, immunization methods: Sows are generally immune before the emergence of mosquitoes each year (the end of March in the south in early April, the end of April in the north in early May), can be injected vaccine inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine or oil emulsion inactivated vaccine. The first year is injected twice at intervals of 2 weeks and then once a year. At the same time, we must pay attention to mosquito control, eliminate mosquito breeding grounds, clear up ditches, fill flats, remove accumulated water, and do a good job in the management of pigs in pest-free areas to prevent bites.

5. Porcine reproductive dyspnea syndrome (also known as blue ear disease): Sows exhibit weight loss, anorexia, slightly elevated body temperature, binaural, abdomen, breast blue, miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth and weak infants. At the onset of the onset of illness, it was characterized by weak adolescence, and a long time later, there was a phenomenon that there was more mukinaxin and stillbirth. Sows have no milk after delivery, and the highest piglet mortality rate can reach 100%. A small number of pigs showed a blue-purple color at the tip of the ear, tip of the nose, extremities, tail tip, nipple, and perineum. This phenomenon was transient.

6, uterine infection: The sow tubal and uterine examination found that 40% -50% carrier, the most common is E. coli and Staphylococcus. Uterus is brought in by boars (skin fluid, semen itself), or it may come from the vagina. Uterine carriers are the most harmful to newly-divided sows. In short, both infectious and non-communicable diseases can cause embryonic death or miscarriage if the sow’s body temperature rises.

7. Porcine Eperythrozoonosis: High fever, yellowing, anemia, and acute death of piglets. Mastitis, food, and high fever occur in late gestation and postpartum sows, and some sows have miscarriages or stillbirths.

8. Toxoplasmosis: Abortions, stillbirths, and muinea fetuses occur in sows with toxoplasmosis.

9. Brucellosis in pigs: Abortion occurs mainly in the first sow, and abortion often occurs in the first 1-3 months of pregnancy, the earliest 2-3 weeks, the most abortion at the latest close to delivery. Swine fetuses can be eaten during early abortion and are not easy to find. The use of boars in summer has high temperatures, and boars have obvious heat stress. Some pig farms are mated during the day, causing more damage to boars. Over time, the performance of boars is reduced, and the prevalence of diseases has caused the boars to be used in the short term. Thus increasing the frequency of use of other boars, boars used too frequently, semen quality will inevitably decline, the conception rate will also be affected.

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