Spring dry fruit trees fertilize well

Liu Lixin, a former researcher at the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and an expert on soil fertility in China, said that under conditions of drought, fertilizers should be properly balanced, especially potassium and boron fertilizers. Appropriate potassium can increase the ratio of root to shoot and enhance the water absorption capacity of crops. Under the conditions of drought, suitable potassium can also promote the accumulation of proline and regulate the cytoplasmic turgor pressure to enhance the drought resistance of crops.

Fertilization should not be "one bombardment"

Recently, the reporter visited the fruit-producing area and discovered that the fruit farmers in the localities still use some unreasonable fertilization methods in production. “One shot” is one of them. The so-called fertilization “one-shot shelling” refers to the one-time application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers to fruit trees. Liu Lixin believes that fertilization of fruit trees does not promote "one-shot" because the fertilization method does not conform to the characteristics of fruit trees requiring fertilizer. Especially under drought conditions, the "one-shot" method of fertilizer application is more likely to cause damage to trees.

Generally, fruit trees are long-growing crops. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the main peaks of nitrogen absorption in spring. The absorption of potassium is the peak of fruit absorption after fruit set and before fruit harvest. The absorption of phosphorus was relatively flat during the anniversary, with no obvious peak period. Liu Lixin believes that, considering the characteristics of this fertilizer requirement, it is not appropriate to apply the inorganic fertilizer at one time to apply fruit trees once.

Fertilization principle

Hou Gaoli, member of the newspaper's expert panel and senior agronomist, believes that under conditions of drought, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the total amount of fertilization, and “fertilize the water with fertilizer” in combination with appropriate amount of fertilization to regulate crop growth.

The amount of fertilizer should not be too large. If a large amount of one-time fertilization occurs during a drought, it is easy to wash off the fertiliser when it encounters heavy rain after a drought. This will not only cause economic losses to farmers but also pollute the environment. Therefore, it should be combined with fertilization by sub-fertilization.

Fertilizer deep application, with water pressure fertilizer. In the case of drought, the fertilizer is volatile if only the fertilizer is applied to the surface. If the drought is followed by heavy rain, it is also easy to be washed away by rain. Therefore, chemical fertilizers should be applied as deep as possible.

Pay attention to the reasonable mix of fertilizers, especially potassium fertilizer and boron fertilizer. It is understood that potassium ions can regulate the colloidal properties of the protoplasm so that the water can smoothly enter the cells and enhance the water holding capacity of the cells. The appropriate potassium nutrition can also increase the ratio of root to shoot and enhance the water absorption capacity of the crop.

Fertilization strategy

As a fruit planting area, the first characteristic of fertilizing fruit trees in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Gansu is that the climate is dry, and the annual precipitation is small, but the evaporation is relatively large. Except for some farmland with irrigation conditions, the water shortage is the area. The biggest obstacle to agricultural production. According to this feature, Liu Lixin believes that fertilization must be combined with water-saving irrigation. In addition, the drought is detrimental to the growth and development of crops and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, making fertilization less than ideal.

First of all, pay attention to organic fertilizer and fertilizer application. Fertilizer should pay attention: organic fertilizer should be cooked, non-rotten organic fertilizer easily lead to high-temperature seeding when fermentation; generally should be used as a base fertilizer and deep plowing combined to facilitate the integration of soil and fertilizer, effectively improve the soil; under drought conditions, soil moisture content Low, easy to cause burning seedlings, must be isolated seed and fertilizer.

Second, pay attention to the appropriate method of fertilization. If nitrogen and potassium fertilizers needed for fruit trees are blended with organic fertilizers once in a year and applied at one time, this is not the peak period of absorption of nitrogen and potassium in fruit trees. The applied nitrogen and potassium are excessive for fruit trees. Inexpensive inorganic nutrients are bound to be fixed or lost in the soil. In the second year, the peak of nitrogen requirement or potassium application in fruit trees will be insufficient for nitrogen or potassium. Therefore, we must pay attention to nitrogenous fertilizer plus controlled release agent, if you catch up with the rain weather should be appropriate to add fertilizer.

Fertilization technology

Soil fertilization, as an effective technology for improving the supply of soil nutrients and an important condition for obtaining high-quality and high-yield fruits, has improved the productivity and quality of fruit trees at a lower cost. However, long-term unreasonable fertilization methods not only increase production costs, but also accelerate soil degradation and environmental pollution. How to improve the utilization of fertilizers in fruit trees, reduce the adverse effects of fertilizers on orchard soil, and reduce labor input for fertilization is one of the issues that need to be solved in the current fruit tree field.

Liu Lixin believes that in order to achieve accurate and scientific formula fertilization, it is necessary to grasp the five parameters of the target yield, the amount of fertilizer needed for fruit trees, the amount of soil fertilizer, the fertilizer utilization rate, and the effective nutrient content in fertilizers. This is the basis of formula fertilization.

First, the target yield of fruit trees, according to the tree species, species, age, tree vigor, flower buds and climate, soil, cultivation and management and other comprehensive factors to determine the reasonable target production for the year.

The second is that fruit trees need fertilizer, and fruit trees need to absorb certain nutrient components during the annual cycle to form a self-contained organization.

The third is the amount of soil fertilizer, mineral elements in the soil content is quite rich, but if you do not apply fertilizer for a long time, the fruit tree growth and development is poor; this is because the soil in the mineral elements can not exist in the free state, the root system can not absorb and use. The natural supply of three elements in the soil is roughly as follows: The natural supply of nitrogen is about 1/3 of the nitrogen absorption, phosphorus is 1/2 of the absorption, and potassium is 1/2 of the absorption.

The fourth is fertilizer utilization. Fertilizers applied to the soil cannot be fully utilized by fruit trees due to soil adsorption, fixation, and leaching with water, and decomposition and volatilization; the utilization of fruit trees for fertilizers is due to tree species and species. The rootstock and soil management systems vary.

The fifth is the effective nutrient content in fertilizers. In formula fertilization, the effective nutrient content in fertilizers is an important parameter. The effective nutrient contents of common organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers include urea 46% nitrogen, potassium sulfate 48% to 52% potassium, ammonium phosphate 17% and phosphorus 47%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 52%. Others include 11.3% boron in borax, 23% to 25% zinc in zinc sulfate, and 19% to 29% in ferric sulfate.

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