How is the camphor planted? In order to promote the standardized cultivation of camphor, Jingjiang area guides growers to carry out operations such as camphor seedling, transplanting, field management and harvesting processing, so as to further improve the quality and yield of the herbal medicine, and summarize the following camphor planting techniques. 1 Morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of Toona sinensis Toona is a dry, ripe fruit of the genus Rutaceae or fragrant. The fragrant circle is an evergreen tree with a height of 9-11m. The whole plant is hairless and has short thorns. The spring shoots of the fragrant rounds sprouted from late March to early April, and stopped at mid-May in May; the autumn shoots sprouted in late August and stopped at the end of September. From the beginning of August to mid-October, the fruit is inflated, and in mid-November, it begins to change color, and in mid-to-late December, it can be harvested mature. 2 Growth conditions The camphors enjoy a mild climate, abundant rainfall, simultaneous rain and heat, four distinct seasons, and plenty of sunshine. 3 Cultivation techniques 3.1 Site selection and land preparation 3.1.1 Site selection Toona sinensis seedlings: It is better to choose loam or sandy loam soil with convenient water source, deep soil layer, loose and fertile texture, well-drained land, and land that has not been cultivated with camphor tree seedlings. Tobacco planting and transplanting fields: should be away from residential areas, main roads, garbage stations, hospitals, etc., no industrial and mining enterprises, no pollution sources. It requires convenient transportation and sufficient water supply. And the ambient air reaches the secondary standard of "Environmental Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996"; the irrigation water meets the "Standard for Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard GB5084-2005"; the soil environment meets the secondary standard of "Soil Environmental Quality Standard GB15618-1995". 3.1.2 Site preparation Nursery field: The fertilization amount of phosphate fertilizer per mu is 50kg, the fertilization amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 300kg, and the depth is 30cm. The stones and other debris are removed, and combined with farming, the base fertilizer is evenly applied to the ground and ploughed into the soil. It is flattened before planting and made into a one-meter wide raft. Transplanting field: Deeply turning 30cm, removing stones and large clods. 3.2 nursery 3.2.1 Seeding After the seeding in the year, the spring sowing was planted in the middle and middle of March of the next year. It was planted at a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 3-6 cm. After sowing, the soil was covered with fertile soil to keep the soil moist, and the seedlings were broken in time. Remove the cover, and when the spring is about 1 meter high, the transplanting should be carried out according to the row spacing of 30-50cm and the plant spacing of 25-30cm, and continue to grow until the planting requirement is reached. 3.2.2 nursery management Miaotian management mainly includes water, fertilizer, weeding, and pest control. Seedlings must ensure sufficient water during the growing season, and in case of dry weather, they should be irrigated in time. After the seed is germinated, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a rate of 20 kg per mu, and the fertilizer is applied once a month from May to July. Spraying foliar K fertilizer 1-2 times in September to promote seedling lignification. Weeding should be done “except early, except small, exceptâ€, the field weeds should be removed in time. Pest control mainly focuses on beetle, leaf miner, skirt rot and anthracnose. It can be effectively prevented by spraying 20% ​​insect dead net WP and carbendazim and methyl thiophanate. 3.3 Daejeon transplanting Colonization time: before the frost falls from September to October or after the spring frost before the spring buds in April Seedling quality: no quarantine pests and diseases, root system is developed, seedling height is more than 1.5m, stem diameter is more than 1cm. Planting density: The permanent plant spacing is 3×4m, and 56 plants per mu. In the early stage, 3×2m plant spacing can be taken, and 112 plants are planted. After the line is closed, a row is dug, leaving a permanent strain, which can increase the previous production. Planting method: Dig the planting hole in the transplanting field of the soil preparation, deep 40cm, width 50cm, each plant applies about 25kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, and add 1kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mix well with the soil, you can colonize. When planting, the roots and branches of the seedlings are properly trimmed and placed in the center of the hole. The root system is stretched, and the roots are fixed. Practically, the root system is in close contact with the soil; after filling the soil, a tree tray with a diameter of about 1 m is made around the seedlings, and the root water is poured. 3.4 Irrigation and drainage Jingjiang has a high groundwater level and is prone to stagnation. Therefore, the orchard should be dredged in time to establish a complete irrigation and drainage system. It is necessary to drain water in a rainy season and in the orchard. Irrigation requires water to be non-polluting. The fragrant round tree is sensitive to moisture during the spring germination and flowering period (April-May) and the fruit expansion period (mid-June). In this period, if it is dry, it needs proper irrigation. 3.5 weeding Young trees need to weed 3-4 times a year, mainly cultivating and weeding, and the depth of cultivating is 8cm-10cm. When the camphor tree grows up, after the closure, the weeds are shaded, and the number of weeding is reduced. In the winter, it is necessary to clear the garden and clean the weeds. 3.6 Fertilization Fertilization principle: From fully satisfying the needs of ginkgo biloba for various nutrient elements, it is recommended to apply more organic fertilizers, rationally apply inorganic fertilizers, and correctly grasp the amount of fertilization, fertilization period and methods, and improve fertilizer utilization rate. Nutritional diagnosis formula fertilization. Generally, human and animal excrement and the like need to be fermented at a temperature above 50 ° C for 7 days to be used above. Juvenile tree The principle of thin application is applied 6-8 times a year. Each time before the germination of the new shoots to the old ripening period, each application is 2-3 times, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and 35 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre. The combination of Shiji fertilizer and improved soil requires a groove width of 0.5m and a depth of 0.4-0.8m. The per mu of cooked pork, beef and chicken manure is 2000kg, the cake fertilizer is 150kg, and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 30-40kg. (See below) 3.7 pruning Winter pruning: This refers to the pruning of the fruit before it matures and until the spring buds of the next year. In order to prevent freezing damage, the old ripe sticks should be kept as much as possible for winter. Before the frost, the old ripe branches and the dense branches and sick branches can be trimmed off. Summer pruning: refers to the pruning of spring shoots to the end of the autumn. Pruning points: Lightly cut. After setting the main branch and the auxiliary main branch around the main trunk, they are moderately to severely short-cut, and the balance of growth potential between the main branches is adjusted by the degree of short cut and the direction of the cut bud. Lightly cut the remaining branches to avoid excessive thinning and heavy cuts. Appropriate deletion of the dense branch group, while paying attention to the inner branches and the weaker branches of the lower part of the crown are retained. In the result stage, the tree body pruning is mainly the result of retraction. Branch group, falling flower fruit branch group and decay branch group. Cut off dead branches and pests. Appropriately cut out the "sunroof" to the more crowded backbone branches, and introduce light into the inner shackles. For the autumn vegetative shoots that were born in the same year, the branches were ripened by short-cutting some of the shoots to enhance the frost resistance and prevent cold damage. For the leafless branch group, most or all of the shoot tips are short-cut on the basis of heavy-duty deletion. 3.8 flower management Controlling flowers: Because the fragrant circle begins to harvest after the second physiological fruit drop, the requirements for controlling the flowers are not high, and the winter pruning is mainly short-cut and retracted; the flowering period is mainly to cut off the deformed flower branches and pests and flowers. Wait. At the same time, cut off the dense branches. Plants with excessive growth potential can adopt the measures of ring cutting, root cutting, branching and water control in autumn to promote flower bud differentiation of young and prosperous trees. Artificial fruit thinning: thinning only needs to remove small fruit, diseased fruit, deformed fruit and dense fruit after the first physiological fruit drop. If the flowering period, in the case of low temperature, rain and other weather, or pests and diseases, the fruit rate will be lower, this time you need to maintain the fruit. Preserving flowers: Strengthening tree management and enhancing tree potential Preservation: Before the flower and before the young fruit, spray the nutrient solution, 0.3% KH2PO4 + 0.1% B. 4 Pest control 4.1 overall principle The prevention and control of scented pests and diseases advocates physical control and biological control. Chemical prevention and control give priority to biologically-sourced pesticides (microbial pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, mineral-derived pesticides), and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is strictly prohibited. When necessary, the pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, rapid degradation and no residue can only be used under the guidance of technicians. (See below) 5 Picking and processing 5.1 Picking of citron (1) Harvest time According to the conclusion of the systematic harvesting period test, the best harvesting period of the camphor is from July 10th to August 11th of each year. The diameter of the fruit is controlled at 4~7cm, and the thickness of the flesh is not less than 0.5cm. (2) Harvesting method Hook the citron fruit with a homemade tool and collect it in a woven bag. In order to prevent leakage, picking is carried out from the outside to the inside, from top to bottom. In addition, picking should be carried out in sunny weather, and it is not suitable for irrigation one week before harvesting. 5.2 processing of camphor The harvested citron is cut in time, and the hot air is baked in the drying room for 24 hours, and then laid flat in a sun shed to dry. For the toon that is too late to be dried, it should be promptly sent to the fresh cold storage for storage to extend the shelf life. 6 Packaging, storage and transportation 6.1 packaging Select the citron that conforms to the Pharmacopoeia standard and remove any defective products such as impurities, mildew, and insects. Double-layer packaging, 50kg per pack. 6.2 storage Toon should be stored in a cool storage and kept dry and clean. The temperature in the library is controlled at ≤20 °C, and the relative humidity is 35% to 75%. Pay attention to moisture, fire, and pest control, and install fire-fighting equipment. If moisture or mildew is found, it should be aired in time. 6.3 Transportation Before the transportation, the products should be inspected, and the packaging should be complete and firm, the product name and logo should be clear, the quantity should be accurate, the yards should be neat, and the stacking height should be moderate. The tarpaulin is tightly covered and firmly tied, paying attention to moisture during transportation. All finished products are sent to Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical. 7 橼 橼 function indications 7.1 Sexual taste Xin, bitter, sour, warm, return to the liver, spleen, lung three classics. 7.2 Function Indications Shugan, qi, wide, and phlegm. For liver and stomach qi stagnation, chest pain, abdominal pain, fullness, vomiting, phlegm, phlegm and cough. The above is the whole content of today's camphor cultivation technology. 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Specification for standardized cultivation techniques of Chinese medicinal materials