Pay attention to perinatal management of dairy cows

Pay attention to perinatal management of dairy cows

The perinatal period is a crucial period that affects the lactation period and even the performance of lifelong lactation. With proper management, cows can be prepared for the next healthy and productive lactation period; if they are not properly managed, the cows may be stranded. So how do dairy cows manage?

1. Control the trace mineral elements or the difference between anions and cations in dry cows, especially during the two to three weeks before calving. Feed low- and low-sodium roughage supplemented with anions. The amount of anion supplemented needs to be calculated from the difference in rations of cations and cations. It is also necessary to supplement calcium and magnesium ions according to the needs of the cows.

2. Control the energy intake of dairy cows in the early stage of dry milk and the pre-period, if too little or too much, it will be detrimental to the cows.

3. Provide sufficient metabolisable protein before calving, with focus on protein sources and amino acids that pass through the rumen.

4. Ensure that every day's feeding management is orderly and minimizes picky eaters. The longest straw or hay in the diet should be less than 3.5 cm. The dry matter content of the whole mixed diet should be 46% to 48%, if necessary, add water.

5. It is very important to keep cow houses clean and comfortable, provide plenty of fresh drinking water, and provide spacious and clean beds or clean, dry, rich litters to improve the comfort of cows.

6. To control the social activities of herds and the classification of herd status within the herd, it is recommended that the rearing density be reduced to less than 100% and provide sufficient room for eating. Avoid mixing the first-born cows with the passed cows, and reduce the number of colonies as much as possible.

7. Control heat stress. Heat stress during dry milk may cause the calf's initial birth weight to decline, passive immune failure increases, cows and calves' immune function decline, feeding efficiency decreases, and postpartum lactation milk yield decreases.

8. Provide high-quality roughage and high-digestibility diets for new cattle. The high content of non-digestible neutral detergent fiber in the roughage will reduce the feed intake of the cow and reduce the passage rate of the diet in the gastrointestinal tract.

9. Strategic use of feed additives and special nutrients. Choline can help liver fat flow and improve milk production. Amino acids can increase lactation and immune function in dairy cows. Chromium propionate can assist in energy metabolism, improve immune function, increase dry matter intake, and improve production performance. Feed additives such as monensin can promote energy metabolism and increase postpartum dry matter intake. Yeast products can improve rumen function, dry matter intake and production performance.

10. Effectively implement individual and group-level regulatory measures for dairy cows. The purpose of monitoring the individual level of dairy cows is to timely diagnose and treat the individual cows. A weekly calf check, such as urine pH or a blood ketone test, will remind us to adjust the feed and feeding management of the herd in a timely manner.

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