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Eggplant Grafting Four Methods
The incidence of verticillium wilt and blight is as high as 30%-50% in continuous cultivation of protected eggplant, which has become a major obstacle to the development of eggplant production in protected areas. Research and production at home and abroad have shown that the use of wild eggplant rootstocks with strong disease resistance for grafting can better solve the problems of eggplant pests and soil-borne diseases. 1. Rootstocks with splicing methods should be planted 5 to 7 days earlier than the scion. When the rootstock has 5-6 true leaves and the scions have 3-4 true leaves, they can be grafted. When grafting, leave 1-2 true leaves at the base of the rootstock and cut off the upper stem. Cut about 1.2 cm deep from the center of the stem cut straight down. Scion leaves 2-3 true leaves, broken stems. Cut the cut base of the scion into a wedge shape, insert an incision in the rootstock, make an anastomosis, and fix it with a graft clamp. Be careful not to be too tight or too loose. After grafting, the grafted seedlings are poured into a small arch shed in the greenhouse, and the plastic shed, shade net or straw curtain is placed on the arch shed to protect the moisture and shade. The temperature inside the shed is 28-30 degrees during the day, 20-25 degrees during the night, and the relative humidity is 85%--90%. After 2-3 days of shading, the shades are gradually removed. On the sixth day to the eighth day, the film at the bottom of the shed can be opened to cure the seedlings. At this point the wound has healed and the graft clip can be removed and transferred to normal management. Second, the needle connection method When the rootstock and scion have 5 true leaves, the stem thickness is quite, you can graft. When grafting, a knife is cut 1 cm below the cotyledons of the rootstock, and it can also be cut obliquely at a 45-degree angle. The tool is sharp and the cut surface is smooth. Then use a clean, sterile, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.5 mm thick bamboo needle to insert 1/2 along the central axis of the rootstock stem, leaving 1/2 to insert the scion. Scion in the same place in the same way cut into a flat or 45 slope, plug along the central axis on the rootstock, rootstock and scion to be aligned. It is required that the scion be closely matched with the cut surface of the rootstock without leaving gaps. The grafted bamboo needle should be as thin as possible. After the needle is connected, suitable humidity should be maintained in the small arch shed. The shelter on the shed should be kept for 4-6 days to increase the temperature inside the shed. Other management measures are connected with it. Third, plugging rootstock sowing 8-9 days earlier than the scion, rootstock with 5-6 true leaves, scion with 2-3 true leaves can be grafted. When grafting, a hole of about 1 cm deep is cut down with a bamboo skewer at the base of the second or third true leaf axil of the base of the rootstock stem. The hole is cut off from the stem and leaf, and the scion is cut off from the lower part of the cotyledon and one end of the incision is cut. Cut into cones and insert them into the rootstock. When plugging, the rootstock should only retain 1-2 true leaves at the bottom, and the top growing point and young leaves must be removed. Otherwise, the young leaves that are growing on the rootstock will compete with the young scions to form nutrients and reduce the survival rate. After plugging, the management is connected with the needle. Fourth, the tongue by the root stock than the scion early sowing 5-7 days, when the rootstock and scion have 5-6 true leaves, select the size of the scion and rootstock, the scion root removed, and moisturizing. Using a blade on the upper 3 to 4 leaves of the scion, cut the leaves from the base. Then, a 1 cm long "nose" incision was cut from the stem at an angle of 30 incline, and the rootstock growth point was removed. The scion is aligned with the rootstock incision and secured by grafting. After the tongue is connected, the management is connected with the crotch, but the scion root is removed from the interface before being transferred to normal management. In short, no matter what kind of grafting methods, utensils must be clean and strictly sterilized. Grafting tools require sharp, easy to operate. The grafting incision should be formed by one knife. When watering and increasing the humidity are followed, the water can not be splashed on the wound of the grafted seedlings, otherwise it is easy to cause germ infection. The survival rate of the four kinds of grafting methods was the highest between the double splicing and the tongue, but due to the thorns of the stems and leaves of most eggplant rootstocks, the operation of the tongue by the grafting method has brought great difficulties. The efficiency of needle grafting and grafting grafting is high, but the management requirements after grafting are strict and improper management will significantly reduce the survival rate. In summary, the current production method is more suitable for the promotion of use.
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