Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory in mice

Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory in mice

【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effect of jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on compound jujube seed oil and scorpion oil to promote learning and memory and the interaction of two drugs. Methods The methods of avoiding darkness, jumping platform and water maze were used to observe, obtain, consolidate and reproduce the memory of mice by using scopolamine, cycloheximide, sodium nitrite and 4.282mol/L ethanol respectively. Observe the compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil. Learning and memory effects in normal and memory-impaired mice. Results For normal and memory-impaired mice, compound jujube kernel oil, raspberry seed oil, and hazelnut oil can shorten the incubation period during training and reduce the number of errors in the room; can extend the incubation period after training, reduce the number of errors in the room, and reduce the jumping platform. The number of errors can also shorten the staging period of the water maze test mice and increase the number of crossings. The compound mid-dose shortened mouse latent incubation period is stronger than that of jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil. Conclusion The compound jujube seed oil, scorpion oil, jujube seed oil and gardenia oil can promote learning and memory; the compound jujube seed oil and gardenia oil play a synergistic role.

  [Keywords] compound jujube kernel oil, hazelnut oil; jujube kernel oil; hazelnut oil; learning and memory

ABSTRACT: ObjectiveTo observe the effects of compound jujube seed oil and gardenia oil in improving learning and memory in mice as well as the interaction between jujube seed oil and gardenia oil. MethodsScopolamine, cycloheximide, sodium nitrite and ethanol were utilized to study the acquisition, consolidation And retrieval processes of memory in mice by the step-through test, step-down test and Morris water maze test, and to observe the effects of jujube seed oil and gardenia oil compound on learning and memory in mice.ResultsIn normal mice and memory- Damaged mice, the jujube seed oil, gardenia oil and their compound all could shorten deligescence of training, reduce error number times of training errors, extend delitescence of post-training by the step-through test, reduce error number of post-training by the Step-through and step-down tests, shorten the delitescence of upper platform and increase passing-through number by Morris water maze test. The compound shortened the delitescen Ce of upper platform better than either of the two oils.ConclusionThe compound jujube seed oil and gardenia oil can promote learning and memory in mice, and the two oils in combination show an obvious synergistic effect.

KEY WORDS: compound jujube seed oil and gardenia oil; jujube seed oil; gardenia oil; learning and memory

Learning and memory is the most basic and important high-level neurological function of the brain. It is both an integral part of cognitive activities and an important intellectual factor. Learning mainly refers to the process in which a human or animal receives external environmental information through the nervous system and affects its own behavior; memory refers to the neural activity process in which the acquired information or experience is stored and extracted (reproduced) in the brain [1]. Suanzaoren is a dry mature seed of the Rhamnaceae plant jujube [Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex HFChow]. Gan acid flat, good liver and blood, Yixin Yin and calm the nerves. The medlar is a dry ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Scorpion bitter cold, clearing heat and purging fire, cooling blood and detoxification, arbitrarily into the heart, longer than clear heart and evil spirits, in addition to troubles and relieve depression and calm the mind. The combination of the two drugs is a common medicine for treating the deficiency of blood and yin, and disturbing the gods and causing upset and insomnia. The sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant effects of compound jujube seed oil scorpion oil have been reported. This article mainly observes its role in promoting learning and memory.

2.   Method and result

The experiment was carried out in 4 batches. Each batch was randomly divided into compound large (5.4g/kg), medium (2.7g/kg), small (1.35g/kg) dose group, jujube kernel oil group 1.8g/kg, hazelnut oil. The rats in the group were 0.9g/kg, and were diluted with physiological saline to 6mL/kg. The model group and the normal group were given normal volume of normal saline, 10 in each group. Each group of mice was administered once a day at 9:00 am for 15 days. After 1 hour of dosing on the 16th day, the darkness avoidance, diving platform and water maze training were started and measured.

2.1 Effect of compound jujube seed oil on the learning and memory of mice with memory impairment model After the first day of administration on the 16th day, except for the normal control group, intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, the other groups were injected intraperitoneally.

A 5 mg/kg scopolamine solution caused a memory impairment model. After 10 min, training was started and the incubation latency and number of errors within 5 min of each group of mice were determined. After 15 min, the number of errors in which the mouse jumped off the safety station within 5 min was determined. After 24 hours, the test was repeated at the same time as the training day, and the incubation period of each group of mice and the number of ventricular errors within 5 minutes and the latency of the first jump of the safety platform and the number of misses within 3 minutes were recorded (Table 1, Table) 2). Table 1 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (avoiding darkness) in mice with memory impairment. Table 2 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (skip method) in mice with memory impairment It is indicated that for mice with memory impairment model, compound jujube kernel oil can significantly shorten the incubation period of mice into darkroom during training and reduce the number of errors in entering the room; it can also significantly prolong the incubation period of mice into darkroom after training and reduce the entry into the room. The number of errors; reduces the number of skip errors after training. Jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil can also reduce the number of errors in the mice during training and training; prolong the incubation period after training and reduce the number of jumping errors. It indicated that compound jujube seed oil, scorpion oil, jujube seed oil and gardenia oil could promote the learning and memory of mice with memory impairment.

2.2 The effect of compound jujube seed oil on the learning and memory of mice with memory consolidation disorder On the 16th day, after 1 hour of administration, except for the normal control group, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline. The kg cycloheximide solution caused a memory consolidation disorder model. After 24 hours, the test was repeated at the same time as the training day, and the incubation period of each group of mice and the number of shocks within 5 minutes and the latency of the first jump of the safety platform and the number of errors within 3 minutes were recorded. The results showed that the compound jujube seed oil scorpion oil can significantly reduce the number of ventricular errors in normal mice during training; it can prolong the ventricular incubation period of mice with memory consolidation disorder after training, significantly reduce the number of ventricular errors; reduce the number of hop errors after training. Jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil can reduce the number of ventricular errors in training and normal and memory-impaired mice after training. It indicated that compound jujube seed oil, scorpion oil, jujube seed oil and gardenia oil can improve the learning and memory ability of mice with normal and memory consolidation disorders (Table 3, Table 4). Table 3 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (avoiding darkness) in mice with memory consolidation disorder Table 4 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (skip method) in mice with memory consolidation disorder

2.3 Effect of compound jujube seed oil scorpion oil on learning and memory of mice with memory-reproducing disorder Models were trained and measured 1 hour after the morning of administration on the 16th day. After 24 hours, in the same period as the training day, except for the normal control group, saline was administered by intragastric administration, and the other groups were intragastrically administered with 4.282 mol/L ethanol solution 10 mL/kg to cause a memory reproduction disorder model. After 30 min, the ventricular incubation period and the number of shocks within 5 min of each group and the latency of the first trip of the mouse to the safety station and the number of errors within 3 min were again tested and recorded (Table 5, Table 6). Table 5 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (avoiding darkness) in mice with memory-reproducing disorder model Table 6 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (skip-hopping method) in mice with memory-recurring disorder model It is shown that the compound jujube seed oil can shorten the ventricular incubation period of normal mice during training, reduce the number of ventricular errors, and reduce the number of hopping errors during training; it can significantly prolong the incubation period of mice after training and reduce the enthusiasm of the mice. The number of errors; reduces the number of skip errors after training. Suanzaoren oil and hazelnut oil can also reduce the incubation period and the number of errors in normal mice during training; and reduce the number of errors in mice with memory impairment after training. It indicated that compound jujube seed oil, scorpion oil, jujube seed oil and gardenia oil can improve the learning and memory ability of mice with normal and memory-reproducing disorders.

2.4 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (water maze method) in mice with memory impairment

The Morris water maze training was started 1 hour after the 16th day of administration. The pool is divided into four quadrants, which are called SW, NW, SE and NE quadrants. A platform with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 15 cm is placed at a distance of 33 cm from the wall of the SW quadrant. The top of the platform is 1 cm below the water surface. A camera with a display system is placed above the maze to record the movement of the mouse simultaneously. Each animal was trained 4 times a day, and the maze reference remained unchanged during training. The mice were placed back into the pool from different water inlet points each day, and the time required for the mice to enter the platform was recorded, which is called the incubation period. Used to measure the ability of mice to learn and remember space. After finding it, keep it on the platform for 15s, if it can't be found within 1min, guide it to the platform and keep it for 15s. After continuous training for 4 days, except for the normal control group, intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, the other groups were immediately injected subcutaneously with sodium nitrite 120 mg/kg, and the behavioral test was performed 1 hour after the first day of administration. The experiment began to transfer the position of the station to another quadrant for the station migration test. The incubation period was recorded, and then the platform was removed, and the number of times the mouse crossed the platform within 2 minutes was recorded and recorded as the number of crossings. It is used to measure the ability of mice to remember the position of the platform after learning to find a platform. It was found that the compound jujube seed oil hazelnut oil can shorten the incubation period of normal mice on the second day of training (the 17th day of administration), and the effect is shortened with the increase of training days; while the jujube kernel oil is trained on the third day. (Day 18 of administration) can shorten the incubation period of normal mice, and the effect will be shortened with the increase of training days. After the memory consolidation disorder is prepared with sodium nitrite, the compound jujube kernel oil can still be found to shorten the memory. The latency of the mice with obstacles increased the number of crossings; jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil also shortened the staging latency of mice with memory impairment; the compound medium dose was better in the combination, and the compound was administered in the 19th and 20th day of administration. The latency of mice with dose shortening was significantly higher than that of jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil, namely ABA and ABB. It indicated that compound jujube seed oil, scorpion oil, jujube seed oil and gardenia oil have the ability to promote learning and memory in normal and memory-impaired mice. Compound jujube seed oil and gardenia oil have synergistic effects on learning and memory (Table 7). Table 7 Effect of compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil on learning and memory (water maze method) in mice with memory impairment

3.   discuss

The use of darkness avoidance, diving, Morris water maze test method, given scopolamine, cycloheximide (cycloheximide), sodium nitrite, ethanol and other recognized memory impairment tools, respectively, resulting in mouse acquisition, consolidation and reproducibility In the memory defect model, it was found that compound jujube kernel oil can reduce the number of errors in normal mice. It can shorten the incubation period of the dark room during training, and consolidate and reproduce the obstacle model mice, reduce the number of errors in the room and the number of false jumps; extend the incubation period of the dark room after training, and reduce the error of entering the room after training. The number of times and the number of false trips. Suanzaoren oil and hazelnut oil can also reduce the number of ventricular errors in mice with training and memory impairment after training; prolong the incubation period after training and reduce the number of hopping errors. Compound jujube kernel oil, scorpion oil, scorpion oil can also shorten the incubation period of normal and memory-damaged mice in water maze test and increase the number of crossings. Therefore, compound jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil can improve and improve the learning and memory function of normal and memory-deficient mice. Suanzaoren oil and hazelnut oil can improve and improve the learning and memory function of memory-deficient mice. Kernel oil and hazelnut oil have additive or synergistic effects on learning and memory, indicating that the compatibility of the compound is reasonable.

The above effects may be related to the jujube kernel oil and hazelnut oil containing various plant fatty acids. The composition of jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil extracted by supercritical CO2 is relatively simple, mainly containing oleic acid and linoleic acid [8-10]. Linoleic acid can be converted into linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and the like in the body. Oleic acid can be acylated in the body to form oleamide, which is known to affect learning and memory [11].

Arachidonic acid is the most abundant and widely distributed polyunsaturated fatty acid in the human body. It plays a very important role in maintaining the physical properties and functions of the membrane. Arachidonic acid is also involved in neuroendocrine regulation of the secretion of various hormones and neuropeptides such as vasopressin. It has been found that vasopressin, a metabolite of arachidonic acid, can improve long-term learning and memory function [12-13]. The combination of jujube seed oil and hazelnut oil promotes learning and memory. The mechanism of action of this compound is still unclear and needs further study.

In recent years, as people pay more and more attention to plant fatty acids, the research on the extraction of plant fatty acid active ingredients, transformation in organisms, biological effects, targets, and signal transduction is a plant fatty acid. The comprehensive development and utilization provides a very broad application prospect.