Crabs in rice fields are a three-dimensional, ecological farming mode. The crabs can remove weeds from rice fields, reduce rice diseases and insect pests, increase rice soil fertility, and increase rice yield. At the same time, rice can purify water for crab growth, development, foraging, and habitat. And so provide a good environment. In 2013, Gaoqing County, Zibo City, Shandong Province implemented the “Shiyan Shi†modern fishery project, developed the leading industries and leading varieties close to Gaoqing Fisheries, and actively experimented and promoted crabs in paddy fields. The demonstration project area was located in the eastern part of the Dalu Lake Wetland. Miye planting base, the base is full of water, fresh water, good basis for the field, texture, soil, lighter saline, good water retention performance, very suitable for crab farming in rice fields, is the county this year, a technical demonstration of crab farming in the field. The demonstration project area plans a total area of ​​150 acres of crabs in paddy fields, 550 kilograms of rice per mu, and 25 kilograms of crabs harvested to achieve stable rice production and increased crab production. First discuss the main technical measures as follows: Rice field selection and reform 1. The choice of rice fields. The paddy fields used for the cultivation of river crabs require close proximity to water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, good water quality, no pollution, fertile soil, and strong water retention. The area is generally between 3,000 square meters and 6,000 square meters. 2. Transformation of rice fields. In the transformation of rice fields for the cultivation of river crabs, first the field ridges should be reinforced. Rafts for crabs are required to be raised to a height of 50 cm or more. The width of the ridges is not less than 30 cm in width and 60 cm-80 cm in width. Tian Hao must be convinced to avoid leaking crabs. Second, it is necessary to scientifically establish crab ditch. Dig out the “mouth†type crab ditch about 100 centimeters from the inside of the field ridge. The ditch is 80cm to 100cm wide, 50cm deep, and the slope ratio is 1:1.2. At the same time, the field, area, and well are excavated according to the size of the paddy field. "Type crab ditch, the total area of ​​crab ditch accounts for 10% -15% of the paddy field area, crab ditch interconnected, providing a safe habitat for the river crab, will help the autumn fishing. Once again, set the escape prevention wall. Crabs have strong ability to climb and escape. Therefore, it is necessary to set escape prevention walls. The set time should be after rice transplanting and before the crabs are stocked. Anti-fence walls are usually fenced around the paddy field with a net of plastic sheets about 30 centimeters high. The walls are about 70 centimeters high and sloping inward. The ground at the inlet and outlet shall be compacted, and the inlet and outlet shall be sealed with a dense wire to prevent crabs from escaping. Transplanting rice and crab seedlings, feeding 1. Rice transplants. The paddy fields that cultivate crabs should use high-quality, high-yield rice varieties that are relatively long in the field, have lodging resistance, and have strong resistance to diseases, such as Lindao 17, Jinyuan 28, and so on. In order to increase rice yield, appropriate planting density can be increased around the ditch. The time for transplanting rice should be completed in mid-May, and the transplant time can be appropriately adjusted according to the condition of solar terms. 2. Crab selection. In the selection of crabs should be selected high-quality crab species, specifications neat, physically strong, body color yellow with green and shiny, appendages intact, umbilical close to the abdomen, activities are sensitive, immediately after the release of the fingers scattered to escape. Avoid buying "old crab" (sexually mature) and diseased crab species. The standard of deducted crabs is 60/kg -100/kg, and the specifications are too small, resulting in less crabs and affecting economic efficiency. 3. Crab raising and feeding. Crab crabs (cuckoo crabs) usually go out in March-April, when the rice is in the early stage of the breeding period, so the purchased crabs should be kept in a small pond first. Crabs are generally raised for about 60 days. The holding tank requires a water depth of 80 cm to 100 cm, and a holding density of 2000/mu-5000/mu. Before the crabs enter the pool, the temporary holding pools are disinfected. The amount of quicklime per acre is about 70 kilograms to kill harmful organisms. When deducting crabs into the pool, they should be disinfected and can be disinfected with salt water with a concentration of 3%-5%. Or use 0.5PPM-1PPM benzalkonium chloride and 5PPM-10PPM potassium permanganate mixture dip the diseased crab. , Infiltration time 5 minutes -10 minutes, when entering the pool should pay attention to the temperature difference can not be too large. Feed during the holding period is dominated by animal feed, such as small fish, animal viscera, etc. Feeding once a day in the evening, the feeding rate was 3%-8% on a daily basis, and the feeding amount was adjusted according to the feeding status of crabs. Change water regularly to promote the normal growth of shell crab. After about 10 days of rice transplanting, generally the crab will be placed in paddy fields in the middle and early June, and the amount of stocking should not be too large. There should be 300 -500 crabs stored per mu. Feeding management 1. Feed the bait. The crab is an omnivorous aquatic animal with a gluttony habit. In the selection of bait, we should pay attention to the combination of vegetable bait and animal bait. While making full use of natural bait, we must also feed artificial fodder to master the two heads. The principle of "fine, medium thick". During the early period from early June to early July, the early days of demerits and crabs are due to the low temperature, the slow growth of weeds and aquatic animals, the feeding of bait should be mainly concentrated, and the bait should be mainly small fish shrimp, animal organs or bean cakes, corn, etc. From mid-July to early September, the peak period of crab feeding, should increase the proportion of green material, feed more weeds, potatoes, etc., and feed some small trash fish, animal organs, etc., and the lower temperature in mid-September should be concentrated material. Lord, feed more small trash fish, animal organs, etc. to promote crab feeding and increase crab weight. In short, in the feeding of river crab bait should be used fresh, no spoilage of the bait, daily feeding amount of crab body weight 5% -8%, daily feeding 2 times. Take regular, quantitative, qualitative, more uniform feeding. 2. Water quality regulation and daily management. The dissolved oxygen in paddy field crabs generally needs to be kept above 5 mg/l, pH 7.5-pH 8.5. When the rice is transplanted into the field, the water level in the field is about 10 cm to 20 cm. After that, the water level is gradually increased to 50 cm - 60 cm as the water temperature rises and the rice grows. In the hot season in summer, timely changing of water, adequate water supply in paddy fields should maintain long-flowing water, control the drainage flow to meet the growth of rice and crab habitat, growth and development. When spraying in paddy fields, the water level should be raised, the rice fields should be filled with water, and the water should be changed in time after spraying to reduce the impact of pesticides on the water quality of rice fields. Rice field application should use high efficiency, low toxicity and no residual pesticides that have no impact on the growth and development of crabs. 3. Disease prevention and control. Since paddy fields raise crabs, the stocking densities are relatively small, so there are fewer diseases and prevention is the main method. When stocking, the crabs were bathed with potassium permanganate or saline for 5 minutes to 10 minutes. During the cultivation period, 15kg/mu -20kg/mu of lime are sprinkled in the crab ditch every month, and oxytetracycline (1kg - 2g of terramycin powder per kilogram of bait) is regularly added to the feed. Feeding can effectively prevent Bacterial enteritis and other bacterial diseases. The predators of crab farming are mainly mice, snakes and water birds. In order to prevent snakes and mice, rats can be placed around the paddy fields with rodents, squirrel cages, and other tools. Waterfowls can be controlled. Scarecrows can be placed on the side of the fields and firecrackers can be fired. Crab Harvesting The fishing method is almost the same as that for ponds and crabs. After the rice fields are closed, all the water in the rice fields is concentrated in the crab ditch. You can use the phototaxis of the crabs to land at night and set traps in the rice fields and use light trapping or freehand trapping. Cage nets are caught in the crab ditch, and they use slow drainage at night to induce the crabs to concentrate on crab ditch or outlets for fishing. Combining the above methods and repeatedly fishing, the general fishing rate can reach more than 95%.
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