Cultivation Techniques of Zucchini in Winter and Spring

For a long time, the cultivation has been using dwarf varieties. The nursery nursery for early maturity cultivation. With the development of protected cultivation in the shelter, short-term coverage with small arch sheds or medium-shed production has been generally carried out, but it is rarely cultivated in sheds and greenhouses. The reason is that the zucchini plant is low and wastes space in tall facilities. Due to the improvement of living standards, the demand for diversified vegetables in winter and early spring is increasingly urgent. There is room for development of zucchini cultivation in solar greenhouses, and the benefits are also considerable. Zucchini has a large potential for increasing yield. It is the future development direction to improve the cultivation technology level and increase the efficiency steadily on the basis of increasing the yield too much.

1. Select excellent varieties

Zucchini is cultivated in solar greenhouse, and high-yield and disease-resistant varieties are generally selected.

2. Foster seedlings

2.1 Sowing period: Sowing is generally carried out from the beginning of October to the beginning of November.

2.2 Seed soaking and germination: use mud to select seeds, and remove immature and virus-carrying seeds floating on the water. Use 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes, then soak in 20-30 ℃ warm water for 4 hours, rub off the mucous on the seed coat, rinse with water several times, and dry the seed coat. Wrap it with wet gauze and germinate at 25-30 ° C. When the bud grows 0.2-0.4 cm, sow:

2.3 Sowing: nursery borders on the ground of the greenhouse, spreading 10 cm thick nutrient soil on the border surface, irrigate enough water, after water seeps, cut into squares with glass according to the plant row spacing of 10 cm × 10 cm or 12 cm × 12 cm, each in A seed is placed horizontally in the center of the square, with the buds facing down and covered with 2 cm of nutrient soil. The two cotyledons are unfolded. When the true leaves have not yet appeared, they are transplanted into the seedling border. The transplanting method is to first spread 10 cm thick nutrient soil in the seedling border, rake the flat border surface, open the trench at a row spacing of 10-12 cm, pour the football in the trench, and plant the plant at a spacing of 10-12 cm when the water is not fully infiltrated The direction of the two cotyledons is the same when planting seedlings. After covering the soil, the cotyledons are about 3 cm away from the ground.

2.4 Standard of seedling management and strong seedlings: After direct emergence of seedlings or after transplanting of seedlings in the cotyledon stage, the daytime should be controlled at 20-25 ℃. 10-15 ℃ at night. During the day, release the wind at more than 25 ° C and drop it to below 20 ° C to prevent wind. It is better to leave the grass at 10 ° C in the morning. Watering should be properly controlled at the seedling stage, without drought and no watering. If watering is needed, it must be carried out on a sunny morning. After watering, the wind should be strengthened. The indicator of strong seedlings is 3-4 leaves, the plant height is about 10 cm, and the stem thickness is 0.4-0.5 cm. The leaves are small and the leaves are dark green. The length of the petiole is equivalent to the length of the leaves. It grows in about 30 days.

3. Colonization

3.1 Land preparation and fertilization: Spread 4000-5000 kg of farmhouse fertilizer per mu of greenhouse. Turn it over with a spade and plan it again with a pick to break up the soil to make the dung mix evenly and rake the ground. Open the planting ditch at a large row spacing of 80 cm and a small row spacing of 50 cm. 1000-2000 kilograms of farmhouse fertilizer is applied in China Remu.

3.2 Colonization period, method, density: from sowing to colonization, it takes about 30 days.

The seedlings were irrigated with water for 1-2 days before the planting. During planting, the seedlings were cut and planted at the pitch of 45-50 cm in the planting ditch, and diammonium phosphate was applied between the seedlings and the spot, 40-50 kg per mu. Cultivate a small amount of soil, make soil by digging ditch to make soil ridges, plant the ditch to irrigate the water, cover the soil with water seepage, re-ditch the ridges between the rows, adjust the light ridge platform and ridge, two between the small rows The ridge is covered with plastic film, and the vertical opening opens the seedling out of the film. About 2,000 seedlings are planted per acre in the greenhouse. If the plant shape is larger, 1500-1700 seedlings can be planted.

4. Management after colonization

4.1 Humidity management: maintain high temperature and high humidity after planting, promote slow seedlings, do not let the wind not exceed 30 ℃; promote root control seedlings after slow seedlings, strictly prevent plant growth and promote root development; due to sufficient planting water, control the growth by adjusting Temperature; Maintain 20-25 ° C during the day, let go of the wind when it exceeds 25 ° C, drop it to below 20 ° C, close the wind, let go of the grass at about 15 ° C, and drop it to 8-10 ° C in the morning before peeling the grass:

* After the female flowers open or when the root melon begins to swell, increase the temperature appropriately, maintain 22-25 ℃ during the day, and 11-13 ℃ at night *.

As the outside temperature increases, increase the amount of air release and extend the time of air release. When the external temperature is stable above 12 ℃, release air day and night:

4.2 Illumination adjustment: After planting the slow seedlings, hang a reflective screen on the rear, and after removing the grass, wipe the film with a mop every day. On a cloudy day, as long as the indoor temperature does not drop to 5 ° C after uncovering the grass, it will be exposed.

4.3 Fertilizer and water management: Irrigate water when the root melon begins to expand, combined with top dressing, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, first dissolve in water, and then irrigate the ditch under the large plastic film with the water. After irrigating, strengthen the ventilation and dampness. The amount of irrigation water should not be too large. It is appropriate to just fill the ridge with water. After irrigation, seal the plastic film tightly to prevent water evaporation. Conditional * Drip irrigation with a hose to avoid water evaporation on the water channel.

When the root melon is generally harvested and the second melon is expanding, the second top dressing is carried out, with 20 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu, combined with irrigation. The method is the same as * times.

The water and fertilizer management of zucchini should be observed in accordance with the weather conditions. It is necessary to prevent excessive soil moisture and nitrogen fertilizer from causing crazy seedlings, but also not to inhibit the growth of nutrients. Cause the fruit to fall into seedlings. After chasing the fertilizer twice and finding that the leaf color is lighter, fertilize for the third time. Irrigation should be based on plant morphology. Normally grown plants have an average internode length not exceeding 3 cm.

4.4 Artificial pollination: artificial pollination is at 9-10 o'clock in the morning *, the temperature and humidity are suitable, the pollen is mature, and the effect of pollination and fertilization is good = first pick the male flowers together and then pollinate row by row: remove the male flower stems Male flower petals, holding the stalk of the female flower in one hand, gently apply pollen to the stigma of the female flower, a male flower can teach 3-4 female flowers:

4.5 Plant adjustment: The method of hanging and entanglement is the same as that of cucumber. Zucchini sometimes has side branches and should be removed in time. Thinning melons while tangling and picking side branches.

5. Harvesting

The root melon should be harvested when it weighs about 250 grams. Plants with weak growth should be picked as early as possible to avoid falling seedlings; plants with high growth and more female flowers in the upper part can be properly sowed early

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