Chili open field cultivation and pest control

Capsicum has strict requirements on living environment, warm temperature, not resistant to frost, but also sunshine, but it is afraid of direct exposure to strong light. The roots are mostly distributed in 20~30cm shallow soil layer. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25～32°C, seedling growth. A higher temperature is required, and the growth temperature is 25 to 30 ° C during the day, 20 to 25 ° C during the night, and the ground temperature is 17 to 22 ° C.

First, cultivation points

Nursery

Cultivating age-appropriate seedlings is the basis for high-yield and stable yield of peppers, which not only benefits early maturity, but also promotes hairpins and reduces the risk of viruses. In the nursery, the seedlings should be ensured to be uniform after sowing. In order to cultivate the roots of the developed seedlings, the well-ventilated fertile bed soil is required, and the potassium content is sufficient, and the roots are properly controlled during the seedling period to protect the root system.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Chili is the most taboo, and should not be used in conjunction with other solanaceous vegetables. It should be fertile and well-drained with loam or sandy loam. The best pre-production is pumpkin or melon. Before planting, combine with the ground to apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply 5,000 to 7500 kg of high-quality decomposed manure per 667 square meters, and plow the flattening. Covered with plastic film, the film should be laid immediately after ridges. When filming, the film should be tightly attached to the ground, and the surrounding area should be sealed with soil.

3. Colonization and density

The pepper plant type is relatively compact and suitable for close planting. The planting density should be determined according to the variety, soil fertility and fertilization level. The general production density is 6000-8000 plants per 667 square meters, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, and the plant spacing is 25-33 cm. Double-row dense planting, 10,000 to 16,000 seedlings per 667 square meters, which is doubled than the ordinary density.

4. Field management

Management from post-planting to harvesting, mainly to promote root promotion and promotion. In the early stage, the root system is weak, and should be promoted to small control, combined with the application of manure water, timely cultivating after irrigation, warming and protecting the pupa, after cultivating 2 to 3 times, start seedlings, timely irrigation after the end of the seedlings, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus, Potassium fertilizer encourages the scorpion to be strong and prevent falling flowers.

In the hot season management, we should focus on the preservation of the roots and the protection of the cockroaches to prevent defeat and death. High temperature hazards can directly induce the occurrence and spread of viral diseases, especially the high temperature and drought, should be irrigated in the morning and evening, to avoid rain after the pouring, causing fallen leaves. Spraying with a 50 μl/L concentration solution of naphthaleneacetic acid can effectively prevent falling flowers and increase yield.

In the management of the fruit period, the main focus is on promoting and attacking the fruit. As the temperature rises, pests and diseases occur one after another. If the management is improper in the first and middle stages, the growth of the stagnation tree is stagnant and the fruit is not hypertrophic, resulting in a reduction in production. In order to prevent this from happening, the ridge should be closed before the high temperature season, and the soil should be preserved before the ridge is closed, and combined with soil fertilization. After entering the fruiting period, pay attention to disease prevention and pest control, and spray pesticides once a week.

Second, pest control

In the open seedlings of peppers, it is necessary to prevent rickets, and it can be controlled by a five-generation mixture (pentachloronitrobenzene + zinc).

Capsicum annuum occurs in the seedling stage, and the base of the stem is water-stained soft rot. After the onset of the leaf, the lesion is dark green and rapidly expands, resulting in partial or most soft rot of the leaf, and the lesion in the dry part becomes pale brown. In the early stage of the disease, it can be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture (1:1:200-320) or 80% Daisen zinc 700-1000 times.

The soft rot of pepper is mainly harmful to the fruit. The lesion is water-stained, dark green, and then becomes dark brown. The diseased fruit rots and smells. Timely eliminate pests before eating, thoroughly control insects, and strengthen field management, pay attention to ventilation and light, promptly remove diseased fruits and reduce the source of the disease.

Capsicum sunburn is a physiological disease caused by direct sunlight. The sunny side of the fruit is chlorotic and hard, showing a pale yellow or grayish white, fur-like shape. The epidermis of the diseased part is dehydrated and thin and easily broken. The diseased part is often easily burned by anthrax or some saprophytic bacteria. Reasonable close planting should be strengthened to strengthen field management, scientific fertilization and irrigation to prevent early defoliation.

Viral disease is also one of the main diseases of pepper. It can be sprayed 1000 times of omethoate twice in the seedling stage to control aphids and reduce the chance of viral infection.

Third, harvesting and drying

Picking is carried out in time after maturity to prevent frost from affecting yield. After harvesting, it is placed in the sun to dry, and often flipped to prevent the pepper from affecting the quality due to excessive water loss on one side. At the same time, it should also be noted that it is not suitable for drying in continuous rainy days to prevent mildew. Drying is the last step in the cultivation of peppers. It is necessary to ensure the quality of drying, in order to increase the commodity rate of peppers and enhance market competitiveness.

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