Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences found lung metastatic breast cancer stem cells

Hu Guohong, a research group in the field of population health, Shanghai Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, identified a subset of breast cancer stem cells with lung metastasis and revealed its mechanism of action in breast cancer metastasis. Related research results have been published online in Cell Death and Disease.

Cancer stem cells are the chief culprit in causing tumorigenesis, promoting tumor development, and causing tumor metastasis. In recent years, studies in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer have shown that cancer stem cells are heterogeneous. However, in breast cancer, it is still unclear whether tumor stem cells are heterogeneous in their ability to metastasize.

Researchers have found that a subset of breast cancer stem cells that express CD44v splicing has a significantly stronger ability to metastasize and play an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer to lung tissue. In this group of breast cancer stem cells with strong lung transduction ability, the expression level of ESRP1 is higher, and ESRP1 transforms the expression of CD44 mRNA precursor from CD44s to CD44v through mRNA variable splicing regulation.

Further studies have shown that CD44v on these metastatic breast cancer stem cell membranes can interact with OPN in lung tissue, enhance the infiltration ability of tumor cells under the stimulation of OPN, and promote the metastasis of tumor cells to the lung. In breast cancer clinical samples, high expression of ESRP1 and CD44v, but not CD44s and total CD44, is positively associated with poor prognosis in patients with distant metastases.

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