How to scientifically apply base fertilizer to apple trees after fruit picking

Relevant studies have shown that after the apple tree has formed a yield, the amount of the result is positively correlated with the consumption of soil nutrients, and it is a certain proportion of the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Mature fruit orchards need to absorb 275 grams of pure nitrogen, 140 grams of pure phosphorus and 275 grams of pure potassium. Therefore, it is more scientific to calculate the amount of fertilizer based on the amount of results and the ability of the results. When calculating the amount of fertilizer, consider the consumption of tree growth, the amount of soil fertilizer and the loss and fixation of nutrients and other factors. The basal fertilization after the deciduous and pre-emergence of fruit trees is carried out from late October to mid-November. It can also be carried out in the middle and late March of the Spring Festival. Fertilization method: in the vertical projection of the fruit tree open ring groove half a meter deep, half meter wide furrow.

Due to insufficient input of organic fertilizers in apple production, poor site conditions in some orchards, poor soil water retention and fertility retention, high nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in orchards, and low levels of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and boron. The problem of insufficient application of basal fertilizers by fruit growers and other issues raises the following principles of fertilization:

1. Adding organic fertilizer in the fall, promoting the organic and inorganic application; based on the soil fertility conditions and yield levels, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer; pay attention to the combined application of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc.

2. Combining high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, such as ridge cultivation, grass cover technology, drooping fruit branch pruning technology and wall bee pollination technology in the plain; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in stages according to tree vigor and tree age.

3. Pre-deciduous foliar spraying with high concentration of urea plus lack of boron, zinc, iron and so on.

4. Fertilizer amount and methods: (1) Orchards with a yield of over 4500 kg per mu: 25 to 40 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, and 20 to 30 kg/mu of potassium fertilizer. (2) Orchards producing 3,500 to 4,500 kilograms per mu: nitrogen fertilizer 20 to 30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer 8 to 12 kg/mu, and potash fertilizer 15 to 25 kg/mu. (3) Orchards with an output of less than 3,500 kilograms per mu: 15 to 25 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 6 to 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 15 to 20 kg of potassium fertilizer.

Early-maturing varieties, or orchards with less fertile soil, or with a small age, or strong tree vigor, have organic fertilizers of 2-3 square feet/mu; late-maturing varieties, or soils with thin soil, or large trees, or weak tree vigor, apply organic fertilizers. 4 square meters/mu. The organic fertilizer application method is recommended to use ring ditch or acupuncture, each tree 4 to 5, depth 40 to 50 cm.

An orchard that lacks zinc, boron, and calcium in the soil and applies zinc sulfate 1 to 1.5 kg/mu, borax 0.5 to 1.0 kg/mu, and calcium nitrate 30 to 50 kg/mu. After mixing with organic fertilizer, it will be used in mid-September to 10 Mid-monthly application (as soon as the late-maturing variety is harvested).

Fertilizers are applied 3 to 6 times (more than 3 times for late-maturing varieties), for the first time from mid-September to mid-October (as early as possible after late-maturing varieties are harvested), on the basis of organic fertilizer and silicon, calcium, and magnesium fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium with the application, increase the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, it is recommended to apply 17 ~ 10 ~ 18 apple formula fertilizer; the second time in the next year before fruit bagging, according to the situation of leaving fruit, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in conjunction with the application, increase the amount of potassium, it is recommended to use 17~10~18 apple formula fertilizer; the third time from late July to early September, take a small number of methods according to rainfall, tree vigor and yield, mainly potassium fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, it is recommended to apply 17 ~8~20 apple formula fertilizer.

Foliar spraying of high-concentration urea began about 20 days before the fall of leaves. The first time the concentration of urea was about 1%, and the second time after 7 to 10 days the concentration was 2% to 3%. The concentration of spray was the third time after 7 to 10 days. 5% ~ 6%, each time according to the situation of soil nutrient plus appropriate amount (about 0.5% concentration) of boron, zinc, iron and so on. (Dun Zhiheng)

How to grasp the depth of basal fertilizer in fruit trees

The usual methods of wrong fertilization for fruit growers are: sprinkle the fertilizer with water, sprinkle with fertilizer, and spin with a rotary cultivator. Some of them are too deep and some are too shallow. Why are some of the above fertilization methods unreasonable?

Sprinkle fertilizer on water or spin on rotary cultivator: There is less infiltration of fertilizer, more evaporation, and poor fertilizer utilization. Excavation too deep can only make the fertilizer infiltrate into the supporting roots of apple trees and absorb roots. Not on; if the fertilization is too shallow, the roots of the fertilizer will grow upwards. This will cause the apple tree roots to be affected by drought in winter and winter. The above-mentioned several fertilization methods will not only result in low utilization of fertilizer, but also will reduce the stress resistance of apple trees and cause the quality of apples to be worse. In recent years, it has been unreasonable for some growers to apply water after fertilization.

So, how can the use of fertilizer be improved in the autumn fertilization?

Everyone knows that people must rely on their mouths for food. To eat, they must put their food on the lips. The mouth of the apple tree grows white hairy root hairs at the front of the root, which absorbs water and various minerals from the soil. With the extension of the root system, the root hair area also moves forward. The absorption layer of the root is mainly distributed in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Farmers generally apply fertilization around the trunk. This is wrong. The correct approach is to apply the fertilizer to the outer part of the tree under the vertical projection. If the orchard has not been deep-turned before, basal fertilization can be applied in conjunction with deep-turning orchards. If you have done this work before, you do not need to apply too deep. It is advisable to use 20-40 cm. Because the soil is 20-40 cm, the temperature and humidity are very suitable for microbial activity, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is high. Therefore, the fruit grower must have a good grasp of the depth in the base fertilizer.

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