Today, we have to learn a fund project together, mainly about potato mulching cultivation technology in southern rice fields. Potato mulching cultivation technology can warm and moisturize more than traditional open field cultivation techniques, keep soil structure loose, promote soil microbial activation, and improve the field. The microclimate shortens the reproductive process and makes the potato mature, productive and stable. 1 Preparation for planting 1.1 Land preparation and land preparation It is better to choose sandy loam with fertile soil, deep soil layer, loose structure, abundant water source, convenient drainage and micro-acidity. Heavy clay is not conducive to the growth of potato tubers and easily cause diseases. It is not advisable to choose a plot of the former Solanaceae crop (such as eggplant, pepper, tobacco, etc.) or root crops. Instead, it should be selected as a plot of crops such as grasses and beans to promote rice-rice-rice or rice-soil. Dry rotation method. Deep ploughing should be carried out early after harvesting, fine soil preparation, requiring soil crushing, loosening, and uniformity to improve the soil's permeability, water storage, fertilizer retention and drought resistance. The ridge is used as the rafting ditch 1.1-1.2m, and the mulch width is 0.8. ～0.9m, 畦 height 0.2～0.3 m, groove width 0.4～0.5m. It is high-tune, the bottom of the ridge surface is straight, the ditch and the ditch are connected, and the Shantou ditch is deeper than other ditch, so as to facilitate the irrigation and drainage. 1.2 Applying fertilizer Suitable for decomposed organic fertilizers, 500-750 kg of chicken manure per mu, 400-600 kg of bio-organic fertilizer for potato, 75 kg of compound fertilizer, 40-50 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer, 2.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, 1 kg of zinc sulfate and agricultural borax. Prevention and control of underground pests, combined with land preparation into the field or after the application of the ditch strip in the sputum. 2 Choose good varieties, seed potato treatment 2.1 Buying good varieties It is the key to plant a good potato and seed potato. It is the first choice to choose the pre-mature, high-yield and disease-resistant detoxification stock. The planting variety can choose Feirui, and the late-growing or planting later areas should choose the stronger resistant potato. On the 5th, the potato can be grown in the Atlantic or Hessen 5. It is best to go to a reputable unit to buy a detoxified original potato seed that is transferred from the north. Some farmers are afraid of raising the cost to purchase unqualified seed potatoes or buy some commercial potatoes as potato seeds. After planting, they are found to be seriously degraded, the diseases are serious, and there are a lot of rotten seeds, and the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the price is not good. , resulting in a large number of economic losses. 2.2 seed potato treatment Immediately after the seed potatoes are purchased, the seed potatoes are placed indoors in a dry, cool and ventilated place, and the diseased, rotten, miscellaneous and inferior seed potatoes are strictly selected. Seed potatoes that are not germinated and ready for sowing, should be diced and soaked with gibberellin (920) 1mg/kg solution, covered with wet sand for germination, and treated with chemicals to break the dormancy period. The optimum weight of each seed potato cut is 30-50g, and each cut must have 1~2 shoots. The cut should be triangular or deed. After cutting the diseased potato, the knife should be disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol solution. It is recommended to use two cutters alternately to reduce the chance of virus infection. The method of disinfecting potato chips is to use veterinary streptomycin, methyl thiophanate and gypsum powder (15g of veterinary streptomycin, methyl thiophanate or carbendazim 100g and gypsum powder 10kg), seed dressing, seed potato The cut should be carried out 1 day before sowing, and should be dried after sowing. 3 sowing 3.1 timely seeding The potato adapts to grow in a cool climate. The suitable temperature for growth and development is 17 °C ~ 21 °C. Premature sowing because the temperature is higher than 25 °C, easy to rot the seed potato, resulting in the lack of seedlings in the field, the late sowing due to the late spring growth of the potato The impact of rainy weather has caused disease epidemics. The sowing date can be arranged from late October to mid-November. The southern double-season rice area is ideally arranged in mid-November, and can be planted at sunny times according to weather changes. 3.2 Reasonable close planting Feirui's plant type is compact and compact, suitable for close planting. Generally, 4 500 to 5,000 plants are planted in acre, two rows per plant, the inner row spacing is 0.25-0.30 m, and the hole spacing is about 0.20-0.25 m. When sowing, according to the potato part or bud length classification, each hole is planted in a shape-shaped form, such as spraying and fertilizing, the bud eye is downward, such as the sulcus in the sulcus, the lateral direction of the bud, the potato stalk cannot directly contact with the fertilizer. The amount of seed potato used is about 130-150 kg. 3.3 Sowing depth and cover soil The sowing depth is generally 5-10 cm. The dry and loose soil plots can be planted deeper; the wet and soily plots should be planted shallower. The cover soil requires that the soil be broken, loose, and evenly covered with the condition of grass ash or fire dung, and then cover the soil. After the soil is covered, check the field for any seed potatoes exposed in the field and cover it in time. 3.4 film The rice planting in the south is rice, and the soil is generally moist. It requires fine soil preparation and small soil particles. When the ridge is wet, it is covered with a black microfilm with a thickness of 0.005~0.012 mm and a width of 1.0 m to ensure that the ridge surface is completely covered. Cover, and the ground film is pressed and compacted with soil, and then 3-6 cm of soil is artificially cultivated. In order to prevent the wind from picking up the microfilm, you can shovel some soil on the surface to suppress the microfilm. If it is dryland and drought, it should be watered before filming. The film has the functions of heat preservation, moisturizing, fat retention, light control, grass control, etc., and the potato can be marketed 5 to 7 days in advance. 4 Field management 4.1 weeding Within 7 to 10 days after sowing, spray with acetochlor and gram without trace. The weeds after seedlings can be sprayed with gram without trace. Be careful not to spray on the seedlings to avoid injury. If there are more weeds in the later stage, weeding can be carried out with selective herbicides. 4.2 Seedlings and seedlings Most of the seedlings automatically break through the micro-film to grow the seedlings by means of the gravity of the soil. Insufficient soiling, when the seedlings are topped, use a knife to cut through the membrane to attract seedlings, and be careful not to damage the seedlings. If the seedlings have a large number of seedlings, choose the strongest 1~2 seedlings to keep and remove the excess weak seedlings in time. 4.3 Watering water at the right time The potato is a water-sensitive crop. According to the soil moisture in the field, the water should be controlled in time. It is necessary to grasp the principle of moistening in the early stage, water in the middle stage, and water in the later stage. Water is irrigated 4 to 7 days after sowing to moisten the soil. In the seedling stage, the water should be watered according to the actual situation. When the surface of the soil is white, the water should be filled and kept for several hours. After the soil is wet, drain it in time. From the bud to the peak of flowering stage in the flowering stage, the water should be kept adequate, and the water should be drained 20 days before harvest to prevent the accumulation of water and cause rotten potatoes. In the south, there are too many rains in winter and spring, so it is necessary to drain the ditch in time. 5 pest control Early-maturing potato varieties (such as Favorui), susceptible to bacterial wilt, ring rot and late blight, once it occurs, it is difficult to control, so we must adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention" to prevent diseases, insects and grasses. harm. Insect pests mainly include aphids, tigers, crickets, etc.; diseases include bacterial wilt, ring rot, black shank, late blight, stem rot and so on. The specific control methods are as follows. (1) Select the original generation of virus-free seed potatoes, and strictly eliminate the diseased potatoes before planting. (2) When cutting seed potatoes, do a good job of cutting knife disinfection and seed dressing disinfection. (3) About 30 days after planting, prevention and treatment of early blight, stem rot, and ground tiger: 70% mancozeb wettable powder can be used for prevention and treatment, 200-250g per acre, and foliar spray after water Prevention and treatment of early blight and stem rot. It can be used to control tiger larvae by spraying 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times solution, 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times solution, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2 000 times solution and 5% lyfosin emulsifiable concentrate 2 000 times solution. . (4) About 60 days after planting, to control bacterial wilt, ring rot, black shank, late (early) blight and aphids, leaf surface can be prepared with methyl thiophanate 700 times liquid + imidacloprid + green dripping 1000 times liquid Spray. (5) About 75 days after planting, to control bacterial wilt, ring rot, black shank, late (early) blight, aphids, spray with carbendazim 1000 times solution + imidacloprid + green drip 1000 times solution. The above is the conventional control. If it is treated in special circumstances, the following rain or air humidity exceeds 90% for more than 8 hours. Immediately after the weather is fine, the medicine can be sprayed. The medicine can be used with the cream of 1000 times or 72% of the drug. Wet powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid or 53% Jin Lei Duoer WP 800 times, even spray 2 ~ 3 times, alternating medication, the effect is better. 6 leaf adjustment If the growth period is too strong, spray 1 or 2 times of paclobutrazol to control growth. 30 days before harvest, according to the actual situation of the growth, spray 75 kg of water with “920 †1 g to extend the maturity period. 7 timely harvest When most of the plants turn yellow and gradually wither, the stolons are separated from the potato tubers, and the tubers form a thicker cork layer. The tubers stop weight gain. The sunny days can be harvested mechanically or manually. For the wonderful pictures and hot comments about the latest market of potato film cultivation technology, you may be interested in the following recommended contents, welcome to read. We're professional Laryngology Instruments
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Potato film mulching cultivation technology in southern China
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