Golden pear planting technology

1 Jin Yuli biological characteristics

Fruit shape, fruit size, average fruit weight 210g, maximum fruit weight 328g, golden yellow skin, less fruit rust, sweet taste, white fruit, small heart, delicate and crisp meat, juice, quality, soluble solid 12% to 14.8% of the matter did not occur pear black heart disease during storage. High germination rate, strong branching ability, after two-year-old branches are shorted, 5-6 branches can be drawn. The result is early, and the rate of 2-year-old trees is 64%. The average result is 12 per plant and 2.52 kg per plant. With a yield of 279.7kg per 667m2, the rate of the third year of birth is 100%, and the high yield of early fruits is strong. Flower buds germinate in mid-March, early flowering at the end of March, full flowering period in early April, final flowering period in mid-April, fruit ripening in mid-September, deciduous period in mid-November, and vegetative growth days in 210 days.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 Building Park

Before planting, plant a planting hole with a depth of 1m and a width of 1m, and apply a fully decomposed farmyard fertilizer of 30kg. Mix well with the soil and fill in the bottom of the hole. It was planted in early March. After the planting, it was set to dry at a distance of 70 cm above the ground and covered with a 1m1m black mulch on the tree tray.

2.2 Pruning

Using an improved spindle tree shape, the height of the tree is about 3m after the formation, and the stem height is 50cm. It has 9 to 11 small main branches, and the branch spacing is 25cm. The staggered arrangement is helical, and the branches are born on the main branch. Saplings were trimmed mainly with light shears and long shoots. Minor short cuts were made on the branches of the stems to remove the dense shoots in time and slowly release the mean tree branches. To promote the conversion of axillary buds into flower buds, pay attention to the arrangement and cultivation of large, medium and small fruiting branches, and to trim the resulting branches, the "three sets of branches" pruning method should be adopted, that is, the result branches, flower buds, growth and development branches of the year. 1/3 of the proportion of pruning, the purpose is to grow, flower, the result is correct, eventually reached, year after year, high yield, stable production, no size.

2.3 Thinning and fruit thinning

Jin Yuli should enter into the full fruit period to make reasonable fruit thinning and fruit thinning. The thinning flower is at flowering stage. The adjacent flowers of the same fruit branch are separated by 8 to 10 cm, and after 15 to 20 days after flowering, the chlorotic fruit, small fruit, disease and fruit, malformation are neglected. As a result, 1 fruit per 15 to 20 cm is left, and the strong branches have more fruits, the fruit is pressed, the weak branches are less, the strong fruits on the back have more fruits, the weak fruit branches have less fruits, and the branches on both sides Moderate fruit retention. In the branches that will be updated, they will stay close to each other, and the result of the next year will be spent in the next year. This will prepare for the retraction of branches.

2.4 Fertilizer Water Management

In autumn, basal fertiliser generally applies about 3500kg of superfluous livestock and poultry manure every 667m2 plus 20kg each of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, plus appropriate amount of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ferrous sulfate. For every 667m2 of the year, 50kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 80kg of compound fertilizer are generally applied at the bud stage, after flowering or during the fruit expansion period; organic calcium fertilizer is sprayed twice during the young fruit period, the drainage is noticed during the rainy season, and soil moisture is timely after fertilization. Irrigation.

2.5 pest control

The main diseases and pests of Jin Yuli in Zhumadian are: ringworm, pear rust, and rot. Insect pests include hibiscus, aphids, leafhoppers, carnivores, and nets. The prevention and control method is: clearing the garden in winter, brushing white trunks, removing branches and leaves with eggs, and burning them out of the park. Before germination, spray 3 to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur to eliminate overwintering eggs and pathogenic bacteria. After 10 days of Xiehua, spraying Baume 0.3-degree lime sulfur or 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture and Kungfu EC 3000 times alternately every 10 days can effectively prevent pear rust, rot, ring rot, and roundworm. In addition, spraying 10% imidacloprid soluble powder 2000 times solution and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times prior to bagging can effectively prevent rot disease, ringworm disease, pear embroider disease, pear hibiscus, aphids and leaves. Pelicans, carnivores, and pears. After harvesting, the fruit was sprayed with 50% carbendazim soluble powder 800 times solution plus 5% cypermethrin 1500 times, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying twice, which can effectively control the occurrence of pests.

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