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The role of aerators in improving the ecological environment of ponds is mainly:
Increase oxygen in water. When the fish pond is deprived of oxygen, it can solve the floating head of fish and shrimp and reduce the loss caused by growth and even death. When the upper layer of high-temperature dissolved oxygen is turned on, due to the effect of aerators on the lifting, exchange, and circulation of water bodies, the improvement of dissolved oxygen in the middle and lower layers of water is continuously promoted, and the dissolved oxygen in the entire pool tends to be even and the water temperature tends to be even. It is beneficial to the rapid growth of fish and shrimp, lowering the feed coefficient, which is beneficial to the oxidative decomposition of organic matter, and is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of diseases. In addition, the circulating flow of water also promotes the even distribution of plankton, reproduction and growth, which will help improve the primary productivity of the pond and help to increase the ability of phytoplankton to absorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate.
Obviously, the role of aerators is not only to increase oxygen in water bodies, but also to effectively promote the increase of primary productivity in ponds, and to greatly improve the self-purification capacity of ponds, thereby improving the water quality and ecological environment of ponds. The resulting water circulation flow is not suitable for certain conditions. The breeding habits of some breeding objects such as clams and shrimps have a good effect on promoting the healthy and rapid growth of fish and shrimp.
II. Oxygen Enhancing Capability of Aerators The main performance indicators for aerators are defined as aeration capacity and power efficiency. Oxygen boosting capacity refers to the amount of oxygen that an aerator increases per hour in water, in kilograms per hour. Power efficiency refers to the amount of oxygen that an aerator consumes 1 kWh of water, in kilograms per kilowatt hour. Such as Taizhou Jinqing Pump Factory 1.5 kilowatt waterwheel aerator test results, the power efficiency of 1.7 kg / kWh, said the machine consumes 1 kWh, can increase 1.71 kg of oxygen to the water; oxygen capacity of 2.59 kg By kilowatt-hour, it means that the machine can add 2.59 kilograms of oxygen to the water per hour. For example, oxygen-enriched water is 1,000 cubic meters, which is equivalent to a 2.59 mg/1 dissolved oxygen in water. It should be pointed out that in order to have a uniform comparison, the test of aerators is carried out according to the standards under specified conditions (such as clean water, 20°C, certain pools, and the dissolved oxygen in water bodies starting from near zero, etc.). The pond's environmental conditions are different.
Third, the use of aerators in shrimp ponds at home and abroad. In Southeast Asia, South America, and other countries, the shrimp ponds mainly use water-wheel aerators, and a small amount of air-suction aerators are used. They believe that these two kinds of aerators can create a circulation in shrimp ponds, which is suitable for the living habits and ecological environment of shrimps and is conducive to the healthy growth of shrimps. Due to the high density of shrimps, high temperatures, high oxygen consumption, and the deterioration of water quality, the proportion of water tankers is relatively large, with a small area of ​​0.75 kW, and a large area with 1.5 kW aerators. Taiwan ~ 8 sets.
The shrimp tanks in the south of Zhejiang Province mainly use the waterwheel type. In recent years, some freshwater aquariums in Guangdong have changed from impeller to waterwheel. They believe that to solve the floating head problem of fish, the water tanker will increase oxygen faster and it will help to save energy. The proportion of water tankers in shrimp ponds in the southern region is generally lower than that in foreign countries, but in some areas, the proportion of water tankers in some shrimp ponds (high yield) has reached or approached foreign levels, such as Hainan. The types of aerators used in shrimp ponds in other regions of China are more complicated, including waterwheel type, impeller type, and push-flow aspiration type. The proportion of the general aerator is less, to solve the lack of oxygen floating head shrimp pool. However, in recent years, in order to avoid the outbreak of shrimp disease, many places have set up new demonstration sites and districts, changed the breeding mode of large amounts of water changes, and adopted many measures to improve the self-purification capability of shrimp ponds and improve the ecological environment. Among them, increasing the proportion of aerators is one of the main measures. The proportion of aerators for high-yield pools (around 250 kg/mu) has reached 1 kilowatt per acre, and good economic benefits have been achieved.
IV. Suggestions on the Allocation of Waterwheel Aerators in Shrimp Farms under Construction The main considerations in the selection of aerators are water source conditions, aquaculture density, and total water intake and drainage energy consumption.
Water source status: whether the water source is abundant, and whether the water quality has been maintained well. If it has been kept good, you can consider less allocation: if it is not, then it should be provided with more water.
Breeding density (per mu): high with more, low with less.
Total water intake and drainage energy consumption: Generally, a field is built on the banks of the river. Self-flow and siphon may be used during the flood season, and the water inlet pump may be used during the dry season. Drainage may be completely pumped up. If the pump for influent water has a short lifting time, a small lift, and a low drain head, the energy consumption is less. The amount of aerator can be considered less, on the contrary, the energy consumption is larger and the dosage should be larger.
Economic analysis: Considering the relative ratio between electricity tariffs and shrimp prices, if the local electricity tariff is relatively high and the shrimp price is relatively low, consider a smaller allocation, and vice versa.
How to equip the shrimp pond with an aerator
First, the role of aerators in improving the ecological environment of ponds In addition to oxygen consumption by fish and shrimp, plankton, benthic animals, phytoplankton (at night), microorganisms, sediments, and decomposition of organic matter all require oxygen consumption. More than 90% of the dissolved oxygen in the pond water comes from photosynthesis of phytoplankton, and less than 10% comes from oxygen diffusion into the water. The upper layer of dissolved oxygen in the pond is high, especially in sunny days, up to supersaturation, such as 15 mg/l, while the bottom layer is very low, often less than 1 mg/l. At night, because photosynthesis stopped, even phytoplankton was added to the ranks of oxygen consumption. The dissolved oxygen in the fish ponds continued to drop, and it dropped to the lowest point between the middle of the night and the early morning. The floating heads of oxygenated fish and shrimps often appeared during this period. The pond has a certain ability of self-purification of ammonia and feces excreted by fish and shrimps, mainly relying on the absorption of phytoplankton, and the oxidative decomposition of microorganisms (need to consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen).