Management of flowering and fruiting period is one of the important links of promoting early cultivation of grapes in greenhouses. The quality of management directly affects the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse grapes. Management should focus on the following two aspects: Regulation of fruit set rate Topping has a strong growth on the fruiting tip. Twisting the upper part of the inflorescence 7 to 10 days before flowering, while leaving 5 to 6 large leaves topping, can significantly increase the fruit setting rate (such as Jufeng, etc.). Watering during flowering and topping after fruit setting can significantly reduce the fruit setting rate (such as red earth). Spray the amino acid boron, zinc amino acid and other foliar fertilizers on the leaves and inflorescence spraying facilities. Grape chelated amino acid boron and chelate amino acid zinc foliar fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves 10 days before spraying, and spray twice every 7 days. . The sparse ears are usually thin when the leaves spread 4 to 6 pieces. The principle of thinning ears is that if the weight of the ears exceeds 500 grams, 1 new shoot of the golden mean shoot corresponds to 1 ear, 1 strong shoot of the new shoot corresponds to 2 ears or 2 new shoots correspond to 3 ears, and the weak shoots do not leave flower spikes. , Each new shoot is about 15 to 20 leaves; if the ear weight is less than 500 grams, 1 shoot of the mean new shoot corresponds to 2 ears or 2 new shoots correspond to 3 ears, and 1 strong shoot of the new shoot corresponds to 2 to 3 spikes. Under normal circumstances, the first golden spike leaves the first flower spike, and the strong new spike leaves the first and second flower spike or only the second flower spike. Whole ears In order to obtain grapes with a neat and beautiful ear shape and a uniform fruit size, the whole ears need to be treated in time after thinning. â‘ Strong flower spike shaping of nucleated varieties. Generally, the whole ear should be removed about 7 days before flowering. The spike, shoulder and spike tip should be removed in time, and the middle of the fruit ear should be 9-10 cm. â‘¡ Flower-shaping of nucleated varieties without seeds. For seedless treatment of large-grain varieties such as the Kyoho line, first remove the spikes and oversized spikes on the shoulder of the fruit as early as 1 week before flowering; secondly, leave 3 to 3.5 cm at the top of the flowering ears 3 days before flowering to the day of flowering , The remaining spikelets are all thinned out. In the middle and upper part of the spike, two spikelets can be left as identification marks. When performing seedless treatment and expansion treatment, remove one spikelet at a time to avoid omission or repeated processing. For seedless treatment of small-grain varieties, flower spike shaping is performed 2 to 3 weeks before flowering. First, a small number of small flowers are removed from the spike tip. After the spikes are selected from the spike tip to the base, 12 to 14 small flower spikes are left. Spikes were marked as seedless and fruit-swelling, and the remaining spikelets were dredged. Regulation of fruit quality Standards for sparse grains: The fruit grains can rotate freely, and the weight of a single ear is between 400 and 600 grams (except for the red earth). Dredging of malformed fruits, small fruits, diseased insects and fruits, and densely packed fruit in the ears is usually performed once or twice in 2 to 4 weeks after flowering. The first time was performed at the size of the fruit mung bean, and the second time was performed at the size of the peanut kernel. Sparse grain should be determined according to the different standards. For varieties with a natural average grain weight of less than 6 grams, it is better to leave 60 to 80 grains per ear; for varieties with a natural average grain weight of 6 to 7 grams, leave 50 to 70 grains per ear; for natural average grain weights of 8 to 10 grams 40 to 60 grains per ear; 35 to 40 grains per ear for varieties with a natural average grain weight of more than 11 grams; Red Earth is special, and 80 to 100 grains per ear are required During the repair of fruit spikes and sparse grains, because some varieties such as the red earth damage the fruit spikes and branches and stalks, they will affect the growth of fruit grains. Therefore, do not get too close to the inflorescence main axis when thinning out inflorescence branches. Don't get too close to the inflorescence spike branch axis, take care to keep a short "pile". Bagging Bagging can significantly improve the appearance quality of fruits. Bags can be bagged after graining is completed. The choice of paper bags depends on the variety. Generally, white paper bags are used for coloring varieties, and yellow paper bags are used for green and yellow varieties. For varieties that are prone to sunburn (scorching), it is best to adopt umbrella cultivation to reduce sunburn (scorching). Picking leaves and sparse shoots Picking leaves and sparse shoots can significantly improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the shelf surface, which is conducive to the coloring of berries, but it is not advisable to pick leaves too early. It is advisable to take 10 days before harvest. If the technique of using secondary shoots is adopted, the old leaf removal time can be advanced to the time when the fruit starts to mature. When sparse, it is generally advisable to leave 3000 to 5000 new shoots per acre. This will not only ensure sufficient new shoots, but also ensure ventilation and light transmission. Thinning is usually carried out when the new shoot spreads 5 to 7 leaves. Before ring-cutting or ring-peeling berry coloring, ring-cutting or ring-peeling at the base of the fruiting mother branch or the base of the fruiting branch can promote the coloring of the berries, mature 3 to 5 days in advance, and significantly improve the fruit quality. Hanging the reflective film after the ground temperature reaches a suitable temperature can significantly improve the quality of the fruit and promote the maturity of the fruit. Make full use of the secondary shoots and pay attention to enhancing the use of the secondary shoots, because grapes rely mainly on the secondary shoots for photosynthesis in the later stages of growth and development, which is more obvious in protected grape cultivation. Twisting the tip during the young fruit development period can significantly inhibit the growth of new shoots, promote fruit maturity, improve fruit quality, and promote flower bud differentiation. Spray the amino acid series of foliar fertilizer from the young fruit development period to the fruit maturity period and spray the amino acid calcium foliar fertilizer every 10 days; during the berry coloring period, spray the amino acid potassium foliar fertilizer every 10 days. Reasonable load According to the requirements of taking both quality and yield into consideration, the yield per mu is generally controlled at about 2,000 kg. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If you have third party legal rights, please inform this website to deal with them. phone Plant growth regulators are organic compounds that are artificially synthesized (or natural extracted from microorganisms) and have growth and development regulation similar to natural plant hormones. 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â‘¢ Flower-shaping of seedless varieties. For seedless cultivars such as Xiahei Seedlessness, dredge the spikes and 2 to 3 spikelets at the base of the flower ears as early as 1 week before flowering. The apex of the oversized spikes at the base should be cut off, and the excessively dense spikelets should be partially removed; light Spike spikes or not spike spikes, 12 to 14 small flower spikes are selected from spike spikes to the base.
Grasping the grape fruit management in the greenhouse
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