Abalone is a valuable marine product. In recent years, artificial abalone cultivation in China has developed rapidly. The main breeding modes include factory culture, floating raft breeding, and sowing. The caisson culture mode is a new type of abalone breeding mode recently emerged. The characteristics of caisson raising abalone The investment scale of small-scale farming can be varied, small-scale breeding investment can be 10,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan to operate, suitable for general farmers. Low cost Compared with factory-made abalone, etc., the cost of raising caisson in the caisson is very low. The cycle is short from 5 months to 6 months from seeding to harvesting. Strong wind and wave resistance cement caisson is very strong, placed in the beach can resist wind and waves. Low risk From a practical point of view, as long as the survival rate reaches 40%, even if the price drops to 80 yuan to 100 yuan per kilogram, it can still protect the cost. Abalone's ecological characteristics Abalone diet abalone like to eat Gizzard, Sargassum, Wakame, etc., these types of seaweed are very rich in the coastal area of ​​our region. The 2 cm seedlings of abalone were cultured to 4 cm and the feed coefficient was about 25. Juvenile abalone grows quickly from 2 cm seedlings to 5 cm commercial abalone. It usually takes only 5 months to 6 months. After the abalone grows to 6 cm, its growth rate decreases significantly. The peak of its growth is between September and December of each year. Abnormal living environment Abalone likes to live in a place with clear water and rapid flow. Tests have shown that the abundance of abalone in the calm and turbid sea area is extremely high. The salinity of abalone life is relatively high. When the specific gravity of seawater is lower than 1.015 or higher than 1.026, the growth is inhibited, and there is even a risk of death. The optimal proportion is 1.020-1.025, and the suitable temperature range is 10°C-33°C. Caisson design Caissons are reinforced concrete structures. The profile height is 60 centimeters, the outer diameter is 105 centimeters, and the inner diameter is 100 centimeters. The caisson consists of five parts: (1) The caisson body, which is the main part of the caisson. There are seven circular holes with a diameter of 16 cm at the bottom, and eight circular holes with a diameter of 4 cm are also open at the bottom of the side of the box to facilitate the passage of water. (2) The caisson lid, also a concrete structure, makes the caisson a closed environment with a feeding opening in the center of the lid and a diameter of 30 cm. (3) Sets of nets, made of 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm mesh polyethylene nets, placed on the inner wall of the caisson to prevent abalone from escaping. (4) Iron wire bracket, composed of 8# iron wire, supporting the net. (5) Abalone inhabits the platform and the concrete structure is placed inside the caisson cover net for the abalone to inhabit. Each caisson can be stocked with 600 abalones. Caisson placement The caisson was placed in the sea one month prior to the seedlings. In addition to satisfying the ecological requirements of abalone, the caisson settlement must also have the following points: smooth flow, gravel bottoms, small wind waves, and a 20 cm to 30 cm box that must be exposed after ebb tide to facilitate aquaculture management. Seedlings purchase and transportation The abalone seedlings must be 2 cm or more in size. Requires uniform specifications, no nicks, vibrant colors, and fresh, visible signs of shell edge growth. This kind of seedling has good vigor and is suitable for breeding. Seedlings are generally purchased from March to April, and are also available from August to October. Abalone is very resistant to transport, transport time is less than 2 hours, can be dry dew transport, longer than 2 hours, can be used live transport vehicles. Daily management Abalone can feed the bait on the next day and enter the normal management stage. During this period, every 12th to 15th, it is necessary to feed Sargassum or G. argentea once, and the feeding amount of each caisson is 5 kg to 6 kg each time. During the peak growth period, 8 kg to 9 kg must be fed each time. . The cages should be thoroughly cleaned once a month, mainly to clean up the sand, leftover bait, shrimp, and small crabs inside the box. When cleaning, avoid abalone exposure time is too long, bruises or death. During the entire culture period, abalone activity, sea salinity, pH, and water temperature were recorded daily.
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