As the saying goes, "Peaches, three apricots, four pears for five years, walnuts and persimmons for six or seven years." Fruit trees are mostly small trees with relatively tall trees. To achieve production, you must first have sufficient time to build a tree structure. In previous years, the tree did not bear fruit. However, with the continuous improvement of fruit tree varieties, the supporting technologies such as fruit tree planting and pruning have also been continuously improved, making the early and high yield of fruit trees a reality. Regarding the advanced fruit tree production technology that fruit growers are concerned about, today we look at the planting advice given to fruit growers by Liu Guanyi, the head of Shandong Shouguang Fruit Tree Station. Ridging, furrowing and irrigating the ground and covering grass In traditional orchard cultivation, affected by the management of field crops, growers take it for granted that fruit trees can also be flooded. As everyone knows, the root system, growth pattern, and water demand characteristics of fruit trees are very different from those of field crops. Flood irrigation with large water has many disadvantages for fruit trees. Flood irrigation will destroy the soil aggregate structure, increase soil compaction, and slow the rise of ground temperature. It is easy to cause the death of absorption roots on the surface of the fruit tree, causing the fruit tree to grow prosperous and difficult to flower, delay the fruit ripening time, and cause many harms. Especially when it encounters heavy rains, drainage of the orchard is difficult, and even the whole orchard is flooded, causing heavy losses. It is recommended to fruit farmers that the orchard should adopt ridge and furrow irrigation measures to control the growth of the tree body and promote early flowering and fruiting. For newly-built orchards, first open a ditch with a width and a depth of 60cm according to the row spacing, mix the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with the excavated soil, and bury it in the ditch, and cultivate into a ridge with a height of 30cm and a width of 60cm or more. The planting density is planted in the center of the ridge. In summer, collect broken straws, weeds, etc. and cover them on the ridges. In the future, combine fertilization to complete the ridge and cover the grass, and keep the height of the ridge around 30cm. As the crown expands and the root system of the fruit tree extends outward, the ridge surface is continuously expanded between the rows to keep the ridge width close to the crown width. Method of ridge expansion: dig a ditch about 50cm deep and 30cm wide along the ridge along the outer edge of the original ridge, combined with autumn application of base fertilizer, apply fertilizer in the ditch, and then cultivating the mellow soil between rows on the surface of the ditch. The soil surface is leveled with the original ridge surface; in the future, as the canopy expands, the ridge is expanded to clear the ditch in the same way, and finally the height of the ridge is about 30cm, and the width of the ridge is close to the width of the crown. After finishing the ridge surface every year, cover 20-30cm of broken straw, weeds, etc. in the tree tray, and keep it covered all year round. After the stalks or weeds rot in the second year, a layer of new grass of the same thickness is added on it. For the already planted fruit trees, apply adequate high-quality organic fertilizer before ridging, and then lightly loosen the soil, dig drainage ditches between the rows, spread the excavated soil under the canopy, and change from flat planting to ridge planting year by year to make the ridge height About 30cm, the ridge width is more than 1m. After ridging and covering grass, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and infiltration irrigation are recommended, which can save more than 50% of water, improve fruit taste, and reduce physiological diseases such as fruit cracking. One pipe can be laid along each row, and each tree has 3 to 4 drippers. If there is no condition for drip irrigation, furrow irrigation can be carried out by digging a trench near the edge of the ridge or platform. High-density cultivation with few main branches With the development of fruit tree cultivation technology, current fruit tree management tends to be "dwarfed and high-density" cultivation, leaving fewer main branches to promote early flowering of fruit trees, which is conducive to achieving mechanized management and achieving premature and high yield. Generally speaking, "Y"-shaped pruning techniques are recommended for peach trees, etc., leaving fewer backbone branches and only fruiting branches, which is suitable for high-density cultivation. Some fruit trees such as apples even have only one main branch, and various fruiting branches grow directly on the main branch and are distributed around the main branch. The outer branches extend to the back of the main branch or slightly to both sides; the tree structure is simple and easy to reshape. Under the dwarfing and high-density cultivation mode, the juvenile period is generally 1 to 2 years, which promotes the rapid growth of the main branch side buds. The row spacing of planting plants can be controlled at 1.5×4 meters, and the branches can be quickly retained and shaped according to the predetermined main branch cultivation method. When pruning in winter, you should go to Wangliu Zhuang, go straight and stay oblique. Remove the branches whose base thickness exceeds 1/3 of the central stem thickness, and retain mostly moderate and strong oblique branches, with a length of 30-50cm and a thickness of 0.5-0.6cm, and they are all placed long and pruned with long tips. The way. Keep the accessory buds pruned at the base to lay a solid foundation for good fruiting shoots cultivated in the next year. The second year after planting enters the initial fruiting period. In this period, strong main branches should be cultivated and the amount of branches should be increased to lay a good foundation for the next year's high yield; the key to controlling the growth of lateral branches in the later growth period is to solve the competing branches on the main branches. To maintain the advantage of the main branch, it is necessary to control the thickness of the lateral branches growing on the central stem. The ratio of the thickness of the lateral branches to the thickness of the central stem of the growing part should be controlled at 1/6～1/3. If the lateral branches are thickened too fast, the dense and vigorous branches should be thinned out during the growing season, and some of them should be topped. , Weaken its growth potential. The main branch should be appropriately selected and left on the back branch for topping treatment to promote branching. Winter pruning is mainly based on thinning, thinning out diseased branches, excessively dense branches, and excessively prosperous branches. The renewal of the fruiting branches adopts the long-tipped pruning method, that is, after the medium-long fruit branches bear fruit, as the weight of the fruit increases, the branches gradually droop, and the base buds are easy to produce new medium-long fruit branches. When pruning in winter, choose the moderate growth and posture. The flat and sloping ones are reserved as preliminary branches, and the mother branches that have already bear fruit are retracted to the base preliminary branches. In the third year after planting, it enters the fruit-bearing period. Only when the absolute advantage of the main branch is ensured, the tree can load a larger yield. Control the ratio of the thickness of the lateral branches to the thickness of the central stem of the implant site at 1/7 to 1/5. In the late period of full fruit period, the tree crown is prone to "strong upper and lower weaker" phenomenon, the upper part should be thinned out, too dense, excessively blooming branches, promote the upper part to produce more, with the fruit pressure, weaken the upper tree vigor. It is necessary to strengthen summer pruning and control the growth of lateral branches. Lateral branches should be controlled at 30-60cm, with a branch thickness of about 0.6cm, so that the buds are full and the branches mature enough to become reliable fruiting branches in the second year. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If the legal rights of a third party are involved, please inform this website for processing. phone Office Safe Box,Commercial Safe Box,Heavy Biometric Office Safe Box,Large Office Safe Box Hebei Yingbo Safe Boxes Co.,Ltd , https://www.yingbosafes.com
If you want premature and high-yield fruit trees, you should do this