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Gardening measures to prevent diseases of garden plants
Gardening methods to control plant diseases can increase plant resistance and reduce the use of pesticides. It is economical and effective and protects the environment. It is worth promoting. The causes of plant diseases generally have two major categories: One is due to unfavorable environmental conditions, known as physiological diseases, the etiology of which is mainly climatic conditions and moisture, soil, fertilizer and so on. The other is caused by biological infestation, known as infectious disease, which causes pathogens, susceptible plants, environmental conditions and human factors. Pathogens infest plants. Plants do not necessarily develop disease. Whether the disease can occur or not depends on the strength of the plant's disease resistance. If the disease resistance is strong, it will not cause disease or the incidence is light. Therefore, the selection of disease-resistant varieties and improvement of plant disease resistance is one of the main ways to prevent diseases. With pathogens and host plants, whether the disease can occur depends on environmental conditions, so we must actively create environmental conditions suitable for plant growth and development in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases. To improve plant resistance and create environmental conditions suitable for plant growth and development, it is necessary to use horticultural means to strengthen management, mainly including management of soil, fertilizer, water, pruning, etc. This shows that the prevention of the above two types of diseases needs to strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer, and water. Soil is the material basis for plants to survive. The nutrients, moisture, temperature, and air needed for plant growth are mainly supplied by soil. Soil is not only the main transport medium for water, fertilizer, and other substances, but also the place where the material and energy are transformed. Therefore, the condition of the soil directly affects the growth and development of the plant. The volume of soil suitable for plant growth is calculated by volume, with minerals accounting for approximately 38%, organic matter accounting for 12%, and air and moisture accounting for 15% to 35% each. Garden plants are generally planted after the completion of garden construction. Construction waste should be cleared and not buried in tree holes. Soil-poor areas should also be filled with fertile soil. At the same time, basal fertilizer should be applied to the bottom of the tree cave to create a suitable soil environment. In the management process, loose soil in time, timely watering, timely fertilization, so that the various components of the soil suitable for plant growth. Increase plant resistance. Fertilizer is the food of the plant. Appropriate fertilization can promote the growth and development of the plant, enhance the resistance of the tree, and whether the fertilization is reasonable affects the health of the plant directly. Therefore, it is necessary to top-dress fertilizer according to the growth and development of the plant. In the spring, nitrogen-based fertilizers should be applied to promote the growth of branches and leaves, with little or no application during the summer season. Phosphate fertilizers are the dominant species in autumn, and flower bud differentiation and bud enlargement are promoted. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential throughout the plant's growth and development stages. The three should be used in conjunction to promote the growth of plants robust, flowering leaves, increase tree resistance, the general ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 4:3:2, zinc, iron and other elements and trace elements, but also plant growth Indispensable, the same can not be ignored, if the proportion of various elements is out of balance, the disease can easily occur. Water is an important part of the plant body. All normal physiological activities in the plant must be attended by water. At the same time, water also has a thermoregulation effect. When the temperature is high, it can absorb heat and cool down, and when it is low temperature, it can reduce heat loss. If there is too much water, the plants will grow weak, the resistance will decline, and the resistance will weaken. If the water is too long, it will cause rot, defoliation, and even death. The lack of water will lead to wilting. The long-term water shortage will not only affect plant growth, but also lead to Death, so the watering should be moderate, do not do not pour, pouring is drenched. Watering should seize the key period, spring water poured back to the Qingshui, poured frozen water into the winter, drought watered more in the summer, less water in the slow growth period, more watering in the growing season, less watering in the flower bud differentiation period, hi wet plants More poured, less drought-resistant plants poured. When watering, be careful not to spray water on diseased plants so as not to cause disease expansion. Do not pour water. Pruning is also a method of horticultural control. Pruning can control tree vigor and make the tree strong; pruning can cut off pests and branches, cutting off diseased branches in time can prevent spread of disease in large areas; pruning can cut off messy branches to facilitate ventilation To prevent diseases from occurring. After the trimming, apply a bactericide to prevent germs from immersing in the cut. In addition, in the daily management activities, we must pay attention to preventing human-induced transmission of diseases.
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