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Common Diseases and Insects of Tulips and Their Control
Tulip is a lily family, is one of the world's famous bulb flowers. Its colorful flower shapes and colors favored by the majority of visitors. Tulips often appear unsatisfactory, such as small dead flowers and blind flowers. Here are some common pest control measures. (A) common pest species 1, tulip disease. It belongs to the genus Botrytis spp., which mainly damages leaves, flowers and bulbs. After the leaves and flowers are damaged, the plants grow and bend and finally die. In wet conditions, the diseased area produces a gray moldy layer. Germs invade bulbs, causing external scales to rot and produce many dark brown sclerotia. 2, tulip base rot. A genus Fusarium spp. After growing the bulbs, the leaves suffered yellowing and wilting, and the roots were less. The decayed tissue has a pungent vinegar smell, and after drying, the lesions are off-white lime-like. The main storage period of the bulbs was flow plasticity, followed by yellow-brown dry rot. 3, tulip decay Sclerotinia. A genus of microscopic sclerotia belonging to the fungus, which damages seedlings and bulbs. After the young bacteria are infested, the leaflets just evaporate and die. The bulbs were damaged and soft rot was found on the outer scales. A number of white pod-like mycelium appeared on the diseased area and nearby soil surface, forming many rapeseed sclerotia. 4. Penicillium tulip. The genus Penicillium is a semi-known fungus that mainly damages the bulbs and is mainly saprophytic. The surface of the victim’s bulbs is covered with a layer of green mildew, and in severe cases the inner scales are also compromised. Most of the disease is caused by wound infections caused by mechanical wounds or fleas. 5, provoke foot roots. The beak is white-colored, pear-shaped, and hi-humid. It has the strongest activity at 16-26°C and high humidity. It is saprophytic and is mainly harmful during storage. The outer skin of the victim’s bulb became hardened and chocolate-colored, and the fleshy scales shrunk and broke into pieces that were corked. The wounds created open the way for the invasion of fungi, bacteria and other organisms. (B) Comprehensive Prevention Technology 1. Improve the soil structure and make a rational rotation. Tulips like fertile, well-drained soil. However, deep plowing before planting, adding artificial media, improving soil structure, and adding base fertilizer. Tulip continuous cropping can cause species degeneration and increase the accumulation of pests and diseases in the soil, and increase the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases. It usually takes 2-3 years for crop rotation. 2, disinfection of soil and bulbs. The soil was sterilized and watered with formalin (1:50) plus phoxim (1:1000). The film was covered for 7 days and then opened, dried naturally (to avoid injury to the bulb), and seeded after 14 days. The ball can be sterilized with carbendazim (1:800) galcitendum (1:1000), immersed for 25-30 minutes, and dried on the second day. If conditions can also be soaked with warm soup, but to master the temperature, generally about 52 °C. 3, strengthen management. Use disease-free ball with large diameter and large specific gravity. The planting depth is 1-2 times of the bulb diameter of the bulb, and the spacing and spacing are 15-20 centimeters and 15-20 centimeters, ensuring the airiness and light transmission of the adult plants. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were used to cut off milk fertilizers in the leaf development period. Bud stage to ensure flowering quality, fertilization can also be sprayed on the surface of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times. Breeding bulbs need to be buds, and then fertilize the ball. Fertilizer to avoid fertilizer into the heart, causing rotten heart. In case of dry weather, it is necessary to replenish water in a timely manner, which will facilitate rooting. 4, growth control of pesticides. Tulips should pay close attention to stem and leaf disease after unearthing. Especially during the leaf development period, the growth potential of the plants is relatively weak, and they are vulnerable to sclerotinia disease, epidemics, and other diseases. It is necessary to regularly spray 600 times of protective fungicides and have a good protective effect. If a diseased plant is found, it can be alternately sprayed with thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim 600-800 times. Occasionally, budworms take buds from the buds, which can be caught manually to avoid spraying. Otherwise, buds are affected. Occurrence of fleas pests, control with 1500 times Keteite. 5, storage period control. Collect the bulbs before the leaves are dry and try to use the non-wound bulbs for seeding. Before storage, the storage room is fumigated and then the sterile ball is dried and stored in the warehouse. General tulip storage temperature should be maintained at 22-25 °C, relative humidity 70% -80%, after the temperature gradually decreased to 18-20 °C, and maintain good ventilation.
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