Autumn watermelon cultivation technical specifications

While providing the society with off-season watermelons, it also brought rich economic income to the farmers, and explored a practical way for the industrial restructuring of the planting industry and the sustainable development of the rural economy in the new stage. The technical specifications for autumn watermelon cultivation are as follows: First, the variety of watermelons is susceptible to disease under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and it is difficult to sit on melons. Therefore, autumn watermelons should be resistant to disease, high temperature, high humidity, easy to sit, and high yield. High-quality varieties, such as Zhengza No.7 and extra-large disease-resistant Jinzhong Guanlong are more suitable.

Second, land selection, soil preparation and fertilization

1. The selection of autumn watermelon is easy to cause blight, it is best to choose the land that has not been planted for more than 7 years. It is suitable for loam. The sandy soil with good soil permeability and good permeability is the best. The land should be able to be filled. It can be arranged, it is best to have a certain slope, it is strictly forbidden to choose easy to plant, water planting.

2. Before the fertilization of the land, the crops will be sun-dried in time. Before cultivating the land, the ground is first treated with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times for disinfection. 10 days before transplanting, the ridges with a height of 15-20 cm and a width of 75 cm were made into ridges with a row spacing of 1.6 m. At the same time, 2000 kg, P2O5 14 kg, and K2O 13 kg per 667 m2 of soil were used as base fertilizer, and then the ground was leveled and then excavated. gutter.

3. Seedling 1. Seeding period Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day are two seasons of watermelon supply, which are high in price and best-selling. Therefore, the sowing date should be pushed about 75 days before the harvesting period, that is, it should be planted on July 15-20.

2. Seedbed preparation The seedbed should be made in a place with high elevation near the melon field. The seedbed is required to be 1.2m wide and 10m long for every 667m2. The nursery nutrient soil is mixed with 6 parts of fertile field soil and 4 parts of decomposed round fertilizer. 0.5m of 1.5% phoxim granules per m3 nutrient soil, 50% carbendazim WP 100g, 15:15: 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three-element compound fertilizer 3kg, fully mixed evenly, add water to form a paste, placed in the seedbed, thickness 8cm, forming a seedbed 5-8cm above the ground plane, and then cut into 10cm10cm square with a blade Nutrient mud, a small amount of fine sand should be sprinkled at the edge of the knife, and a finger point should be placed in the center of each block, the depth is 0.5cm, and the surrounding of the seedbed is surrounded by soil.

3. Seed treatment The seeds were exposed to sunlight for 1 day before selection and selected. Heat with 55-60 ° C hot water and stir constantly, after 10 min, add water to 30 ° C, soak seeds for 4-6 h. When soaking seeds, wash the seeds repeatedly until the mucus on the surface of the seeds is washed away. It can also be washed with 10% trisodium phosphate solution, washed with water and then soaked for 4-6 hours to prevent viral diseases.

4. Seeding 1 melon seed per hole, covering soil 5. After seedbed management, to prevent the surface soil of the seedbed from cracking and conducive to the excavation of the melon seedlings, apply the grass or grasshopper to lay the seedbed, and when one third of the melon seeds are topped, Remove the cover. The seedbed should be inserted into the gauze with more than 20 mesh to prevent smashing. Before the rainstorm comes, it should be covered in time to prevent rainwater from entering the seedbed. After the sunny day, it will be uncovered. Use the sunshade net or grass to keep the sunburn on the seedbed. When the seedbed is dry and cracked, you can use the watering can to sprinkle it in the morning, but you must not fill the water. In case of pests and diseases such as aphids, it can be controlled by imidacloprid. The yellow squash is usually fumigated or artificially captured by the agent, and the blight can be sprayed with 70% methyl thiophanate WP 800 times.

4. Planting and film mulching 1. Colonization When the seedling age reaches 12-15 days, 3 leaves and 1 heart can start seedlings, should try not to hurt the roots, and use the scorpion to flatten the scorpion, use the scorpion every 50-55cm. Planing a hole, the melon seedlings are placed in the fixed planting hole, and the soil is covered with a layer of water.

2. After the film is covered with melon seedlings, the mulch film is covered (the silver-gray film is the best). When the film is coated, a “T”-shaped mouth is drawn on the top of the melon seedlings to remove the melon seedlings. The soil is pressed on both sides to make the cover tight, tightly sealed and compacted, so that the film is close to the ground to avoid hot seedlings.

V. Field management 1. After cultivating and weeding, the autumn watermelon should be squatted 2 to 3 times after planting, so that the soil between the melons is loose and there is no weed.

2. After the pruning, the vines should be pruned in time, that is, 2-3 strong branches are selected in the root of the melon, and the direction of the vines is unified according to the requirements of the vine spacing of 15-20 cm. When the vine grows to 6-7 leaves, it starts to press the vine on a sunny afternoon. It can be fixed with mud or branches, and the vines are fixed to prevent wind squeezing. After every 7-8 leaves, the vine must be pressed once, and the vine must be pressed. Dark pressure is strictly prohibited. When pressing the vine, pay attention to the position of the female flower. Under the reserved female flower, use the grass to pad the vine, then press the vine in front. In this way, the female flower is higher than the ground, which can reduce the impact of muddy water splashing due to rainfall. At the same time as pressing the vines, all the side branches and tendrils grown on the vines should be removed. Be careful not to use hand-smashing, and use the scissors to pruning the solution with methyl thiophanate solution to prevent the spread of the disease.

3. Artificially assisted pollination When the male flowers of autumn watermelon are open, the pollen is mature and has the ability to pollinate; when pollination, the female flowers with high maturity and high maturity should be selected in time. The female flowers with large, smooth and superficial hair are easy to bear fruit. The tendency to develop into a large melon. After flowering, artificial assisted pollination is performed every morning from 7 to 9 o'clock. The method is to select the male flowers that are open on the day, remove the petals, expose the stamens, gently lift the female flower handles, and then gently rub the stamens of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers, so that the pollen is evenly scattered on the stigma, and each male flower is given 2 3 female flowers. After pollination, the pollination date mark is simultaneously made at the pollination node to determine the ripening period of the melon and the appropriate harvesting period. In the afternoon of the second day, the effect of artificial pollination can be checked. If the female flower handle is bent and sagging, the bottom end of the ovary begins to touch the ground, indicating that the pollination is successful; if the female flower handle is still up or forward, it is generally not given. The performance of the powder, at this time pay attention to clean the mark on the strain, you need to choose male flowers, re-pollination.

4. Protect melon autumn watermelon flowering, sitting in melon period, often encounter windy and heavy rain, pay attention to protect melon, to prevent melon. The method is to cover with broadleaf leaves after pollination or to cover the ovary with a paper bucket.

5. Choose melon and melon when melon is grown to the size of the egg, you can choose to stay melon. Generally, the second or third melons are selected, and the melons are not correct, and the melons are less developed, and one melon per plant.

6. When the control leader encounters the length of the plant, he crushes the melon vines by hand or circulates the vines 5-8 cm after the growth point of the main vine to delay the growth speed of the vines, promote the growth of the female flowers, and increase the rate of sitting. .

7. Topdressing and watering When the melon enters the expansion period, the fertilizer is applied once at the back of the melon. Generally, every application of K2O5kg, N4.6kg. In case of drought, it should be watered, and the water should be stopped 10 days before harvesting. water.

Note that no water can accumulate in the field after each watering or rain.

8. Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases Autumn watermelons often suffer from anthrax, leaf blight, blight, and viral diseases.

After the watermelon is vine, the prevention and treatment of viral diseases should be the focus of field management. Spray every 50-7 times with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times every 5-7 days; especially after heavy rain, you must use a fungicide to prevent various diseases. When the wilt diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time. When it is slightly used, the root of the watermelon is used to irrigate 500 times. The application of several fertilizers such as lobular enemy, virus A, phytopathic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is better. In the late growth stage, the weather turns cold, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of watermelon anthracnose and leaf blight. Generally, it is controlled by 70% mancozeb WP 400 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, for every 667m2. The main pests of the liquid watermelon that damage the autumn watermelon are melons and aphids. The melon must be seized at the age of 3 before the time to completely prevent and control, generally with pyrethroid pesticides, every 5-7 days of prevention and control, focusing on the opposite side of the old leaves. The aphids are spray-treated with an agent such as imidacloprid or avermectin. Note that no pesticide should be applied 15 days before harvesting.

6. Harvesting and storage When the autumn watermelon reaches the maturity of the commodity, it should be harvested in time. When storing, you can choose 8 mature watermelons, and dip them with 500 times of carbendazim. After drying, put them in a cool and ventilated place, and the height is 2-3 layers. Generally, it can be stored for about 30 days at around 5 °C. When the weather turns cold, pay attention to heat preservation. Always check for rotten melon during the storage period and treat it promptly after discovery.

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