Rape cultivation in autumn must be "three mornings and four defenses"

Rape cultivation in rapeseed is a major technical reform to increase rapeseed yield, which is more than 35% higher than winter cultivation. Practice has proved that rape must compete for autumn and high yields. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and management measures of “three early” and “four preventions”.

I. "Three Mornings" is the Core of Rape Autumn Cultivation

The indicator for autumn hair cultivation is: hair trees at the end of November, 9-10 main leaf green leaves, leaf area coefficient of 1.5 or more, before winter (end of December) 12-13 main leaf green leaves, leaf area coefficient of 2.5 or more. To achieve the above-mentioned indicator requirements, we must highlight the "three mornings."

1, suitable for early broadcast. September 10 is a suitable period for the fall rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin. You can choose high-quality varieties or combinations such as Huaza 3, Huaza 4, Zhongshuang 4, Huashuang 3, and Zhongyouza No. 2. All localities can choose suitable varieties suitable for local planting.

2, timely planting. To enable rapeseed to put up the high-yield seedlings of Qiufa, it is imperative to plant the seasons ahead of time and make full use of the abundant resources of temperature and light in September and October. Autumn hair rape is required to be transplanted before October 20th. Three-cooked rapeseed should be ditched and watered 5-7 days before harvesting. Immediately after harvest, transplant with pods. Transplanting density: Cotton plants are planted in groups of 6000-7000 per acre; rice fields are 8000-10,000 plants per acre.

3, early tube after planting. To do side edge pipe. Pour well the root water to promote green life. After cultivating a live tree, it should be ploughed as early as possible to help loosen soil, prevent soil compaction, and increase ground temperature. On the basis of the application of base fertilizer, early application of seedlings to promote growth, re-application of wax fertilizer to prevent the spring decline, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and boron fertilizer, anti-deficiency hormone vaccine. In addition, high standards must be used to open up the "three channels" to prevent waterlogging and prevent drought in a timely manner.

Second, "Four Preventions" is the guarantee for the cultivation of autumn rape

1, pest control. Rapeseed larvae and cabbage caterpillars are seriously endangered, so they must be guarded against, in order to avoid causing damage and causing viral diseases, affecting strong seedlings and early-onset hair growth.

2, weak seedlings. Rape cultivation must first cultivate strong seedlings. Strong seedling standard: When transplanting, the seedlings have 7-8 green leaves, 23-26 cm in plant height, and 0.7-0.8 cm thick roots and shoots. Measures: 1 Spreading and sowing. 400-500 grams of high-quality seeds per acre seedbed were selected and sown uniformly. 2 Seedlings in the morning, leave strong seedlings evenly. Seedlings after emergence 2-3 times, to the three-leaf period Dingmiao, leaving about 135 strong seedlings per square meter. 3 spray paclobutrazol. In the 3-leaf stage, 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 75-100 grams per acre, add water 75-100 kg, evenly spray, do not spray or spray. 4 Strengthen seedbed fertilizer and water management, prevent drought, prevent waterlogging, prevent de-fertilization, promote the use of 3 leaves, and control after 5 leaves. 5 age transplanting. Transplanting age is appropriate for 30-35 days.

3, antifreeze damage. Autumn hair rape has formed a large vegetative body before winter and is vulnerable to freezing in the winter. The leaves become rigid, purple, and even dead. Therefore, antifreeze damage is an important part of the cultivation of autumn rape. Before the end of November, it is necessary to do a good job of cultivating the roots of earth, and to apply wax fertilizer before the winter to protect the seedlings. At the same time, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and green wind 95, "802" and other plant growth regulators to improve the cold resistance of rape, lay the foundation for safe wintering rape.

4, prevent early sickness. In autumn cultivation, due to earlier sowing date and faster growth, when the temperature is higher before winter, the phenomenon of early pod borer and early flowering is easy to occur, so that the cold resistance of rape can be reduced and it is prone to frost damage and production loss. It is important to strengthen field cultivation management on the basis of nurturing strong seedlings and early plantings. For early pods that have emerged, they must be promptly removed, and appropriate amounts of fast-acting fertilizers must be applied in order to promote the development of branches and increase the number of branches and knots.

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