It is now in the winter season and many regions have suffered or may suffer from snow and ice. Specially asked experts to answer questions on how to conduct antifreeze fertilization and comprehensive management, for reference only. Mr. Liu from Beijing asked: What kind of damage is caused by the low temperatures of ice and snow? Which crops are the most vulnerable? A: The damage caused by the low temperature of ice and snow is mainly caused by the destruction of the plasma membrane permeability at a temperature below 0°C, which causes extravasation of the electrolyte in the membrane. In severe cases, the membrane inside and outside the ice, leading to local plant necrosis or the death of the entire plant, such as the greenhouse temperature below 6 °C when the strawberry stops growing; closed management caused by high humidity, low temperature, dim illumination, the crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism, plant growth is again Thin and weak, it is easy to infect diseases and insect pests; when delaying farming, it will affect the turning of winter crops and the sowing of spring crops. In the cold wave or ice and snow disasters, the country may be affected, but early sowing of winter wheat in the north, rice and wheat in the Yangtze valley, subtropical fruit trees such as canola, citrus, and overwintering greenhouses everywhere are the most vulnerable. In addition, the late spring cold is also a serious threat to overwintering crops and greenhouse vegetables. Mr. Guo from Hebei Handan asked: After the wheat is exposed to ice and snow, how should fertilization be managed in the spring? Answer: The winter snowfall has advantages and disadvantages for wheat. It should be categorized according to local conditions. For wheat fields that are still alive, they should apply urea 7.5 to 10 kilograms in the returning green period. The wheat fields that are deficient in phosphorus can also be treated with appropriate amounts of diammonium phosphate or superphosphate; wheat fields with better spring moisture can be used for fertilization. In the absence of water, fertilizer can be applied with water, and 10 kg of urea can be applied during the jointing period; for the less severe freezing damage, most of the wheat stems with the main stem and the big locust survive, the cultivator should be strengthened in the early spring, and the heat preservation should be carried out for normal management. The sowing date is shorter than that of the wheat field which is late in the year and the group is insufficient. Do not rush to water in the early spring. Raise the soil temperature and protect the soil by cultivating loose soil. Ms. Xue of Anhui Hexian asked: How can the management of rice blast rape be affected by freezing? Answer: The freeze-thaw resistance of rice and glutinous crops must be combined with flood resistance. The main measures are: timely digging the drainage of the three channels (shrunk, gutters, and gutters) to reduce the humidity in the field; and the frozen early-flowering, early-flowering rapeseed, Sunny days, timely removal of dry leaves of frozen and frostbite, and promotion of branch growth; supplement fertilizer. Generally, 5-7 kg of urea in Mushi, 3-4 kg of KCl, or 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed, or a compound fertilizer with an amount of nutrients is applied. After the snow melts, it is prone to frost at night and can be applied in the field. Grass ash or chaff, covering an appropriate amount of rice straw or livestock manure, in order to heat preservation and antifreeze; on the incidence of field plots timely application of pesticides, pest control. Mr. Zhou of Qingzhou, Shandong Province asked: How can greenhouse vegetables prevent and treat snow and ice? Answer: Remove snow from the shed in time to prevent the collapse of the shed; add a small shed in the shed, cover the cold and heat insulation at multiple layers in the evening, remove the cover during the day and increase the light; properly shade or step-by-step uncovering after the weather turns fine to prevent the plants from suddenly Water loss “flash seedlingsâ€; watering should be controlled to prevent pests and diseases caused by lower ground temperature and increased air humidity. For non-victim or light-damaged vegetables, spray 2 to 3 times 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as appropriate. For plants with yellow color and nitrogen deficiency, spray 2~3 times 0.3% urea solution. Low temperature and high humidity are prone to pests and diseases, and drug control must be carried out in a timely manner. After the snow and ice disasters, the supply of vegetables is in short supply. Warming the seedlings or planting fast-growing vegetables with a short production cycle guarantees market supply. Mr. Fu of Hubei Huanggang asked: How does citrus prevent and treat snow and ice? Answer: We must start with pre-winter prevention and governance after ice and snow. Disaster prevention: Take earth from outside the garden or between rows and cover the root neck to ensure safe wintering. Spread the lime evenly on the main base of the trunk, and use straw, etc. to wrap the trunk and coat the outside with a layer of film to prevent the cold. Antifreeze; Nursery should be covered with straw and film in the whole garden; at night when the temperature is low, the whole garden can be smoked and colded. Disaster management: gently shake the snow on the tree canopy, split the snow from the tree tray and the park, and send it out of the park in a timely manner. After a sudden sunny day after the snow, evenly arrange the smoke stack in the orange grove, set 4 per acre. ~6 heaps, each pile is smoked with dry branches, stub leaves, straw, weeds, husks, etc.; 20-25 kilograms; Spray water on the canopy from 10 am to 4 pm in sunny days, spray continuously for 3 to 5 days Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% urea solution for 2 or 3 times; use the basal fertilizer in combination with the turfgrass, and strengthen the pest control and moderate pruning and clearing the garden. 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Fertigation and Comprehensive Management of Preventing Ice and Snow Disasters