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Symptoms: There are many types of viruses that infect peppers, and the fields are often complicated by complex infections of multiple viruses. Can be divided into the following four types:
1. Mosaic type: The typical symptoms are diseased leaves, diseased fruits with irregular greenish-green, dark green and light green and white mottle, no obvious abnormalities in plant growth, but when the diseased areas are serious, the diseased leaves and diseased fruits are deformed. Shrinkage, leaf veins, plants grow slowly or dwarf, knot small fruit, fruit is difficult to turn red or only a partial turn red, rigid.
2. Yellowing type: The diseased leaves turn yellow. When the plants are severe, the upper leaves of the plants turn yellow, forming yellowish green, and the plants are dwarfed with clear leaves.
3, necrosis: including atrophy, mottled ring death and stripe-like necrosis. The top part of the aphid refers to the browning and necrosis of the young part of the top of the branch, but the rest of the symptoms are not obvious; the mottled necrosis can occur on the leaves and fruits, the lesion is red-brown or dark brown, irregular type, sometimes perforation or develop into a large yellow-brown Spots, there is a dark green ring around the lesion, the leaves quickly yellow off; stripe-like necrosis mainly on the branches, lesions red-brown, spread up and down along the branches, the diseased part of fallen leaves, fallen flowers, fruit drop, when the whole plant withered dry.
4, malformation type: manifested as diseased leaves thickening, smaller or fern leaf-like, leaf shrinkage. Internode shortening, dwarfing, branches and leaves were clustered. The diseased fruit showed dark green and light green spots, or yellow and green spotted spots. The diseased fruit was deformed and the fruit surface was uneven. The disease is easy to fall off.
There are more than 10 sources of pathogens, chili pepper virus disease, and 7 species found in China. The most important sources of the disease are cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Capsicum mottle virus (CaMV), pepper mottle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). , Potato Y virus (PVY), potato X virus (PVX) and so on. Cucumber mosaic virus particles spherical, diameter 28 to 30 nanometers, leading to the system mosaic, malformation, fern leaves, dwarfing, etc., sometimes produce leaf spot and stem streaks. Tobacco mosaic virus particles rod-shaped, diameter 280 nm X15 nm, often cause acute type necrosis of dead spots or deciduous, late heart leaves systemic mosaic, or veins necrosis, stem spot or top tip necrosis. Potato virus Y virus can cause systemic light mosaic and mottle on green peppers, but also can cause mosaic, dwarfing, and less fruit.
Disease characteristics? Cucumber mosaic virus in the natural environment, the virus in dry leaves can not overwinter, mainly in greenhouse vegetables or perennial weeds. In the spring, the locusts spread to the peppers and spread as the locust migrates. Tobacco mosaic virus can live for a long time in the soil in the body, but it can also reproduce in the wintering host in the greenhouse. The field epidemic is mainly caused by mechanical contact with human hands and tools. Potato virus Y can be transmitted both by aphids and by mechanical contact. Wintering also depends mainly on winter vegetables and perennial weeds in greenhouses. Conditions of disease Pepper virus disease, generally in the hot and dry weather, the incidence of heavy rainfall in light years. Heavy grasshopper virus disease is also heavy. Viruses in the early spring and spring exposed areas are lighter. Late autumn cultivation of pepper, the virus disease is heavy, the reason is high temperature, little rain, many worms, and due to the high incidence of seedling stage. Overly densely populated plots, poor ventilation, plant leggy, etc. can aggravate the virus?
Control methods
1. Select the resistant varieties of precocious chili pepper virus disease more late than the light-type varieties of pepper, pepper pepper than anti-Bao?
2. Seed Disinfection Seeds are soaked in fresh water for a few hours, then soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, washed with clear water and then germinated.
3, agricultural control 1 early sowing. Early sowing and early colonization can avoid the peak of viral disease during the prosperous period. The plant type of the seedlings should be short and strong. The planting age should be about 80 days, and 90% of the plants should be planted when the first tillers are budding. 2 The use of plastic film covering cultivation can not only facilitate early colonization, but also promote early hair roots and early results. 3 Cultivation in open field should be cultivated and loosened in time to promote plant growth. 4 Intercropping with high stalk crops. Can be used with corn, sorghum 4:2 intercropping, high stalk crops can be pepper shade, promote high yield, but also can effectively prevent the migration of locusts.
4, early control of drug aphids.
5, anti-viral agents for drug control are: Ns-83 booster 100 times liquid, spray 10 to 15 days before planting the first time, before spraying until the second time after planting, fruit spray before the third time. 0.1% zinc sulfate, 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times fluid, 1.5% plant disease spirit emulsion 1000 times, can also use satellite virus S52 to control cucumber mosaic virus usage is to dilute attenuated vaccine with S52 100 times, spraying with a spray gun pressure of 2-2 kilograms per square meter. Continuous use of 3 to 4 times, can have a certain effect.
Chili virus disease
Sweet pepper and pepper mosaic is an important disease of pepper. It occurs throughout the country. The degree of loss varies from year to year and has increased in recent years. Protected areas are lighter than exposed areas.
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