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First, the selection of sites and construction of sheds: Protected cultivation of sweet potatoes should generally be selected for more than three years of rotation of the oysters, the soil is ideal for sandy loam. For more than two years of sweet potato land due to the prevalence of soil-borne diseases and imbalance of soil nutrient elements, soil disinfection and balanced fertilization should be used to increase the amount of organic fertilizer. The frontier of the land is preferably wheat, corn, melons, and vegetables, and should have good drainage and irrigation conditions.
The construction specifications and direction of the shed should be determined according to the topography and topography. Generally, the shed is better, which can not only reduce the impact of wind damage, but also improve the working efficiency. The four-meter shed spans 4 meters in length and 1.2-1.5 meters in height. Supports one piece of bamboo keel per 1-1.2 meters in long upward direction. The plastic film is tightly pressed against the keel and tightened. The sides are pressed into the ground for about 15 centimeters. It is buried well and firmly, and the keel is fastened with wire or nylon rope. Whether it is covered with straw or not, depending on the local climate and the planting period, will be decided sooner or later. After the sweet potato was planted, the cover membrane was covered.
2. Variety Selection and Site Preparation: The mulching watermelon adopts sorghum, adopts small arch shed nursery transplanting or improved mulching film to cover live, and the arrangement of cultivation of watermelon with sweet potato and cultivation technology are the same as that of ordinary melon field. In order to bring into play the effect of protecting the land on the use of light and temperature resources, generally early-maturing, high-product species should be selected, such as Yushu 10 (also known as the Red Heart King), Jingshu 2 and so on. Site preparation is generally carried out before the shed film, combined with the application of base fertilizer for leveling and deep turning. Applying 2,000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, 40 to 50 kilograms of special fertilizer for sweet potato is applied. After spreading, it is dumped underground. It needs disinfection, insecticidal plots, disinfectant and insecticide baits to be applied together. The flatness of the land in the same shed to ensure the smooth watering, drainage and ridge cover film. Ridge line spacing 75 cm, ridge height 25 cm, flat top, width 20-25 cm. Covering the mulch with a ridge, the entire ridge is tight and tight.
Third, planting: seedlings planting time is generally appropriate in the middle and late April, planted in the ditch before planting on the line. Watermelon Wang long-term sweet potato is slow seedling period, appropriate shading conducive to sweet potato seedlings. The seedlings removed from the seedbed can be planted directly or they can be planted first. According to the classification of the temperate seedlings in the production field, the seedlings are transplanted into leeward sunny pods, properly watered, and covered with membranes sooner or later. For adaptive training and mobilization, a suitable planting standard can generally be achieved within 3-7 days. After planting seedlings, not only can improve the survival rate, but also slow seedlings.
Sweet potatoes are generally planted in the protected land using a sloping or direct planting method to ensure the density. And it depends on the characteristics of the variety and the planned harvest time is decided sooner or later. The density of cultivar watermelon interplanting sweet potato is affected by the row spacing of watermelons. Each line of watermelon is interplanted with a row of sweet potatoes, and the row spacing of watermelons is relatively large. In order to ensure the density of sweet potatoes, the spacing of plants (15-20 cm) can be reduced, and the mu density is 2000-2500 strains. Sweet potato seedlings were planted in the area covered by watermelon mulch, 30-35 cm away from melon seedlings, 4-5 cm into the soil after breaking the film, and the plant spacing was calculated at a reasonable density. After planting, sufficient water was poured and the soil was filled with water. , And mulching membrane pressure. When the melon seedlings are lacking in lye, they are first coated with soil and pressed. Watering sweet watermelon with watermelon can also soak dark water.
IV. Management and harvest: During the symbiosis between sweet potato and watermelon, there is no interference with watermelon under natural conditions. After harvesting, watermelon will be eradicated immediately to protect potato seedlings, and we should pay attention to cultivating and weeding to protect the mulch. In the early period of heat preservation, moistening promotes mild seedlings. In order to promote the early sowing of sweet potato, the temperature in the shed within 3-5 days after planting is not higher than 35 degrees Celsius, and generally, no ventilation is performed to maintain the internal humidity. Below 13 degrees Celsius, it shall be sealed or artificially heated. At 35 degrees Celsius or above, lateral wind direction shall be released to prevent cold wind from driving straight. In conjunction with the release of the wind between the row of loose soil to warm up and keep it. After the late frost and the late spring completely passed, with the increase of the outside temperature, the air outlet was gradually increased, and the sides of the ridge were completely opened, and the temperature reached 30 degrees Celsius to remove the film. According to the growing condition of sweet potato and the fertility of the soil, before the sweet potatoes were riddled and ridged, the fertilizer was applied in a hole in the ridge, and 30-40 kg of special compound fertilizer was applied in the mus, and water was sprayed according to the lyrics to promote fertilizer dissolution and prevent drought. After sweet potato ridges have been raised once, they have also taken care to control cabbage caterpillars and bridges.
After 65-70 days of planting in the protected area of ​​early-maturing varieties, it can be harvested, packaged, and marketed according to market information. And pay attention to timely soil preparation and soil treatment, and carry out planting.
Four meters of shed film watermelon intercropping sweet potato>
The use of greenhouse sheds with sweet potatoes and mulching watermelons to intercropping and planting can not only achieve double high yields on the ground and underground, but also achieve dual use of a membrane, reduce costs and reduce white pollution; full use of watermelon fertilizer and water input, remaining adequate fertility The advantages of sweet potato are high yield and high efficiency, and it can also increase the utilization of limited land resources and light and heat resources, and realize double-season cultivation of sweet potatoes in the suburbs of Beijing.
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