China to establish a molecular breeding system for livestock and poultry and a large-scale breeding and feeding system

Under the support of the National 863 Program, China established a technology system for molecular breeding and large-scale breeding of livestock and poultry, which further improved the production performance and genetic stability of new strains, and promoted the genetic improvement and development of local and special livestock and poultry breeds in China. It laid a good foundation for the further development of China's animal husbandry.

The QTLs affecting the milk production performance of dairy cows were finely located and molecularly labeled, and an efficient breeding and breeding system was established based on the combination of molecular marker-assisted selection and embryo scale production and transplantation.

High-density DNA markers were used to finely map the QTLs affecting dairy cows' milk production traits. 15 novel microsatellite markers were developed on the 6th chromosome of dairy cows, and major genes covering milk production traits were obtained. Regional high-density marker linkage groups have established an efficient breeding and breeding system that combines molecular marker-assisted selection with embryo scale production and transplantation. Eighteen low-fat and high-protein breeds of bulls were raised. The average milk production of the first child was 8200kg, the annual output of the third child was 10 tons, the milk protein content was 3.52%, and the milk fat rate was 3.6%. We optimized and optimized the techniques of superovulation and oviposition, improved and optimized embryo transfer and segmentation techniques, and established a set of PCR rapid detection methods for sex identification of early embryos and a high-yielding dairy cow somatic cell cloning technology system. A total of more than 2,900 first-time high-producing donor cows were used, 17,605 usable embryos were produced, 6.1 usable embryos were obtained, and more than 5300 embryos were transplanted. The embryonic fertility rate of fresh embryos was 62%, and the embryos were thawed. The rate was over 90%, and the fertility rate after transplantation was 56%, all reaching the international advanced level. PCR technique was used to identify the early sex of embryos with an accuracy rate of 97.09%. An in-vitro production technology system for live Egg Collection and fertilization was established. At the same time, conventional and vitrified freezing and thawing techniques for cloned embryos were studied, and living glass was obtained for the first time in China. The frozen calf embryos and conventionally frozen cloned calves were born after the embryo transfer.

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