Anti-season balsam pear major pests and diseases
Anthracnose: 1, Symptoms: Leaves appear to be irregular to round spots, from gray to brown; lesions on the vines are ellipsoidal, brown at the edges, slightly dimpled; early rounds of brownish watery lesions on the fruit, after It is slightly yellowish brown. When the humidity is high, the surface of the lesion has pink mucus. 2. Control measures: (1) Agricultural control. Disease-resistant varieties were selected, disease-free seeds were used, and non-guad crops were rotated for more than 3 years. The ventilation and humidity were increased, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added to remove diseased bodies and weeds in time. (2) Chemical control: In the early stage of disease, 75% chlorothalonil 700 times solution or 50% benomyl 1500 times solution or 65% mancozeb manganese 600 times solution is used. Spray once every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times. Powdery mildew: 1. Symptoms: Both positive and negative sides of the leaves can be affected. To the front, there are more, the early lower leaves appear faded green spots, develop to a round white powdery mildew, increase the lesions after the expansion, the leaves covered with white powder, Petioles and stems are also contagious. 2. Prevention and control measures: (1) Agricultural control: The selection of disease-resistant varieties, reasonable close planting, timely removal of the lower yellow leaves, and appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. (2) Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, 15% triadimefon 1000-1500 times or 40% polysulfide suspension 400 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times or 25% enzymatic 2000 times, each time Every 7-10 days, 3 times in a row, the drug should be used alternately. Virus disease: 1. Symptoms: The young leaves show yellow and green mosaic leaves, so that the growth point atrophy, leaf curling shrinkage, the longer the plant the smaller, deformed, and gradually withered to death. 2. Prevention and control measures: (1) Agricultural control: selection of disease-resistant varieties; rotation of planting land for more than three years; strengthening of field tubes; pool disposal of diseased bodies. (2) Chemical control: a locust control insect repellent; b application of appropriate amount of lime, so that the virus in the soil passivation; c disease at the beginning of the disease with 1.5% plant disease Ling 1000 times or antitoxic agent No. 1 300 times or 20% of the virus A 500 Doubling or inhibiting poison 1000 times liquid sprays once every 7-10 days, continuously 3-4 times. Fusarium wilt disease: 1. Symptoms: The plants begin to wilt at noon, normal sooner or later, the whole plant withered after a few days cannot be recovered, the vascular bundle of the stem of the longitudinal cut disease turns brown, and when the humidity is high, there is white or pink moldy matter. 2. Prevention and control measures: (1) Agricultural control: Select resistant varieties, disease-free new seedlings, disinfect bed soil, reduce root damage, apply decomposed organic fertilizer, and moderate irrigation; timely remove diseased plants, and specifically treat diseased residues. (2) Chemical control: Irrigate 50% benomyl 1500 times solution or 20% methylpredecessor 1000 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution in the diseased spot of the diseased plant and nearby. 0.3-0.5 liters of liquid medicine is poured; or sprayed with 40% polysulfide gel suspension 400 liquid or 25.9% anti-fuginal 500 times spray, successively 2-3 times for 5-7 days. Downy mildew: 1, symptoms: the main damage to the leaves, the first was a watery lesions after the polygon was pale yellow to yellowish brown, when the humidity is large, the back of the diseased parts grow white mold, and sometimes the leaves are white mycelium. 2. Prevention and control measures: (1) Drainage in the ditch, pay attention to ventilation and ventilation, reduce the humidity in the field, and make the greenhouse as dry as possible. The condensation time should not exceed 2 hours. (2) At the beginning of onset, 58% metalaxyl MnZn 500 times or 64% antivirus, 500 times or 70% MAP 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, every 6 hours Spray once a day for 3-4 times. Downy mildew is prone to drug resistance. When selecting drugs, it is necessary to fully consider the effects of other diseases and the rotation and application. Bactrocera melanogaster: (1) Adult males spawn into the epidermis of the young larvae with a spawning tube. The larvae hatch into the melon and feed after eating. The damaged parts of the melons turn yellow and later become rotten or deformed, which seriously affects the yield and quality. (2) Prevention and control measures: A trapping and killing: using banana peel and 90% trichlorfon crystals (80:1) to smash into a paste, spread on a bamboo fence or inside a tin can, and trap and kill adult worms; B strengthen management : Found that the melon (malformation, yellowing) was removed in time for deep processing, and the young melons were put into paper bags in severe cases; C chemical control was used in adulthood with 80% dichlorvos 1500 times solution or fipronil 1000 solution or 2.5% Deltamethrin 3000 times solution was sprayed at noon or evening, once for 5 days, 3 times in a row.