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1. Common indicators of the flowering period of a common maize: A female's fragile flowers are usually spit out for 4-6 days, and the vigor is the strongest for 3-6 days; a tassel's loosening period is 4-8 days. The ideal indicator of flowering meet is when the maternal parent begins to loose powder 1-2 days after spinning.
2. Commonly used method of flowering prediction The leaf inspection method is based on how much the parents' leaves appear to determine whether the flowering period is the same. The method is to select 10-20 plants in each of the 4-5 production sites, and mark the 5th, 10th and 15th leaves with red paint from the seedling stage. When the total number of leaves is the same combination, 1-2 leaves of the male parent appear less than the female parent is the sign of a good flowering period; the combination of different total leaf number should be determined by calculating the difference of the parental total leaves. The number of leaves not drawing 1-2 pieces less than the paternal one indicates that the flowering period met well. In the method of falling leaves, the unexposed leaves are peeled off after jointing to determine whether the parents have the same flowering period. If each leaf grows 1-2 times less than the paternal one, the parents encounter each other well. This method is convenient and accurate without the need to know the total number of parents.
3. The sowing date adjustment of commonly used techniques for adjusting the flowering date is based on the parent's growth period in the local area, and the same seeding at the same time, or the mother's flowering period can be planted 1-2 days earlier than the father. If the difference between the parents' flowering period is more than 4 days, the sowing date must be adjusted, ie the wrong time sowing. The number of days of wrong-time sowing should be increased more than the number of days in which the flowering period differs. It is advisable that the number of days of difference in the maternal sowing date is approximately 1-1.5 times of the number of days of the flowering phase difference.
The adjustment of seedling stage, jointing stage, drought, low temperature, soil compaction and so on all affect the seedling age, and can be adjusted by adopting large seedlings, partial fertilizers, and the like. It is advisable to use early as the basis for promotion, and focus on the adjustment of the paternal one. Early development, no watering, less fertilization, deep cultivator; late parental partial water, partial fertilizer plus regulators to promote its growth.
Large bell-mouth adjustment, the development of the late parents to take fertilizer, spray regulators and other measures to adjust, and then watering, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-300 times the same amount of urea; also available 920 foliar spray . For the early parents, 12 to 15 leaves can be used to cut 15 cm from the main root 7-1O cm.
During the detasseling period, it was found that the male parent was earlier than the female parent. The male parent should be removed as soon as possible, and the female parent could make silk spinning 1-2 days in advance; the female parent could spray 100 kg of O.4% naphthylacetic acid per acre. So that the female filaments spit out in advance. For females whose heads are long and tight and whose filaments are not easy to pull out, when the leaves grow more than 10 centimeters, the top cuts 2-4 centimeters downwards, allowing the mother to spit silk for 3-5 days; 5 cm, advance silking 5-6 days. It was found that the female parent could spray fertilizer on the leaves earlier than the male parent; the emasculation was delayed to ensure that the female parent did not loosen the powder to delay the spinning. If the maternal spin is still early in the father's loose powder, it can be cut off at 16:00 pm when the father wants to get chewed. The mother's hair is cut short, leaving about 3 cm for pollination.
Artificially assisted pollination, shake the strains, and at 9-11 a.m., hand gently push the parent to the mother to gently shake the pollen onto the female filaments, once a day, for a week. Transfer the loose powder to the root and transfer the parent plants of the early flowering stage to the mother's local block of the silk to make it free pollinated; artificially pollinate and arrange the father's each use of the powder sampling area, which will be 5-7 cm in diameter and 25-in length. One end of the 30-cm plastic tube was covered with gauze and entangled. The pollen was placed in the tube and gently shaken on the filaments at 8-11 a.m. 2-4 days after maternal spun silking. The results were performed every day or every other day. Until the mother's filaments darken and stick together.
Adjustment of Maize Hybrid Seed Production Flowering Period
The poor or poor flowering time of hybrid maize seed production directly affects the seed yield. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job of forecasting the flowering period and applying the flower timing adjustment technology to ensure that the parents meet during the flowering period.
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